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CMAJ:抗惊厥药治疗腰痛和腰椎神经根痛真的有效吗?

2018-08-09 吴星 环球医学

2018年7月,发表在《CMAJ》的一项由澳大利亚学者进行的系统评价和Meta分析,考察了抗惊厥药治疗腰痛和腰椎神经根痛的有效性和耐受性。

2018年7月,发表在《CMAJ》的一项由澳大利亚学者进行的系统评价和Meta分析,考察了抗惊厥药治疗腰痛和腰椎神经根痛的有效性和耐受性。

背景:尽管支持证据有限,但近年来使用抗惊厥药(如加巴喷丁、普瑞巴林)治疗腰痛大幅增加。本研究旨在探究抗惊厥药与安慰剂相比治疗腰痛和腰椎神经根痛的有效性和耐受性。

方法:对5个数据库进行了检索,检索内容为比较抗惊厥药与安慰剂治疗任何病程的非特异性腰痛、坐骨神经痛或神经性跛行的研究。结局为自我报告的疼痛、残疾和不良事件。使用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表评估偏倚风险,使用GRADE系统评估证据质量。汇总证据时,对于连续性结局使用平均差,对于二分类结局使用风险比量化治疗效果。

结果:9项试验在859名参与者中比较了托吡酯、加巴喷丁或普瑞巴林vs安慰剂。15个比较中的14个发现,抗惊厥药对降低腰痛或腰椎神经根痛的疼痛或残疾上无效。例如,高质量证据显示,加巴喷丁vs安慰剂对短期慢性腰痛无效(汇总平均差[MD],-0.0;95% 置信区间[CI],-0.8~0.7),对中期腰椎神经根痛无效(汇总MD,-0.1;95% CI,-0.7~0.5)。高水平证据显示,加巴喷丁有效性的缺乏伴随不良事件的增加。

结论:中等或高质量证据显示,抗惊厥药治疗腰痛或腰椎神经根痛无效。高质量证据显示,加巴喷丁具有较高的不良事件风险。

原始出处:

Enke O, et al. Anticonvulsants in the treatment of low back pain and lumbar radicular pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2018 Jul 3;190(26):E786-E793. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.171333.

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