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中国科学家攻克PET数字化难题 可更早发现肿瘤

2013-04-08 佚名 新华网

  全数字PET成像关键技术5日通过中国工程院士俞梦孙带领的专家组鉴定,认为达到国际领先水平。中国科学家在PET数字化领域的这一技术突破,意味着可更早更灵敏地发现肿瘤,诊断癌症,为人类造福。   诞生于上世纪七十年代的PET(正电子发射断层成像仪)是继超声、CT和核磁共振之后当今先进医学影像技术之一,已成为临床早期诊断和指导癌症治疗的最佳手段之一。但因超高速闪烁脉冲信号难以数字化的技术瓶颈,PE

  全数字PET成像关键技术5日通过中国工程院士俞梦孙带领的专家组鉴定,认为达到国际领先水平。中国科学家在PET数字化领域的这一技术突破,意味着可更早更灵敏地发现肿瘤,诊断癌症,为人类造福。

  诞生于上世纪七十年代的PET(正电子发射断层成像仪)是继超声、CT和核磁共振之后当今先进医学影像技术之一,已成为临床早期诊断和指导癌症治疗的最佳手段之一。但因超高速闪烁脉冲信号难以数字化的技术瓶颈,PET难以实现全数字化,至今只有模拟和模拟数字混合型机器。

  针对这一世界性难题,武汉光电国家实验室(筹)生物医学光子学研究部研究员、华中科技大学生命学院教授谢庆国,创新提出“多电压阈值采样方法”,准确地实现高速闪烁脉冲的精确数字化,研制出全数字化PET探测器及世界首台小型数字PET机器。

  谢庆国介绍,这台小型数字PET在武汉协和医院投入应用一年多时间,在比人体成像难度更高的老鼠和猴子上完成了150余例高性能PET成像,已观察到小鼠脑内皮层、丘脑和脑室等更细微的结构,突破现有PET对鼠脑的观测极限。

  小动物试验表明,其主要性能指标成像图像空间分辨率已突破进入亚毫米水平,达0.87毫米,可检测到最小为0.66立方毫米的病灶。

  目前临床PET最好空间分辨率是4.5毫米,数字Peter若对人体成像,空间分辨率可优于1.5毫米。这意味着,采用目前PET能诊断出的癌症,在其肿瘤大小不到1/20的时候就能被数字PET发现。

  国内较早从事PET临床应用的资深专家,武汉协和医院PET中心主任张永学说,更高分辨率意味着提前几个月甚至更早发现肿瘤的几率将增大,患者有望获得更多生存机会,也将节省医疗费用。

  据鉴定专家介绍,制造便利的数字PET,因在数据采集最前端就直接数字化了,突破了传统PET仪器受制于模拟电路的瓶颈,高可靠且稳定,还能实现自动化校正,越用越好,就像电脑智能输入法一样,无需专业人员的介入,大大降低维护费用。

  2012年底,为了恒河猴脑成像的科学实验,两台小动物数字PET机器被谢庆国团队两个研究生拆解、重新组装成一个更大成像空间的PET机器,并在计算机上实现了校正和成像,这一过程只花了半天时间。

  张永学表示,一台传统商用PET光机器组装和调试就要十天、半月时间,成像前的数据校正可能要更多的时间,一年仅维护费就高达一百万。这充分体现了数字PET系统的开放性和灵活性。

  谢庆国团队拥有数字PET完整的自主知识产权,目前世界上数字PET方面的发明专利全部为谢庆国团队所有。他们正计划做出全身人体样机,开展临床试验,以尽快将数字PET推向应用。

  目前,全球仅有西门子、通用电气、飞利浦等能独立研制和生产PET成像设备。全球已投入的商用PET约5000台,美国近3000台,而中国临床使用的尚不足200台,全部为进口。

  中国人口众多,癌症发病率高,PET市场空间巨大,分辨率高、制造便利的数字PET将有更广泛应用。将中国自主创新的数字PET产业化,不仅能造福广大患者,还能打破西方公司垄断,实现高端医疗设备产业零突破。

  鉴定专家还认为,这一成果在PET数字化技术领域取得了一系列理论和技术创新,形成的全球首台全数字化PET样机系统,在空间分辨率、灵敏度、能量分辨率等核心指标方面均优于国际上的同类产品。更重要的是,数字PET显现出传统PET前所未有的新特性,将为PET的发展及应用带来变革。

PET相关的拓展阅读:

    

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    2013-11-21 feather89
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