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[AACE2012]隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病常被误诊

2012-05-31 段梦 爱唯医学网

   印度加尔各答研究生医学教育研究所的Ankit Shrivastav博士在在第21届美国临床内分泌医师协会年会(AACE2012, 5月23~27日, 美国费城)上报告称,在血糖控制不佳的非肥胖成人患者中,近一半实为隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病,而他们往往被误诊为2型糖尿病。对于年轻、非肥胖、家族史阴性、血糖控制情况迅速恶化、迅速出现并发症的成人糖尿病患者,建议筛查自身抗体。   S

   印度加尔各答研究生医学教育研究所的Ankit Shrivastav博士在在第21届美国临床内分泌医师协会年会(AACE2012, 5月23~27日, 美国费城)上报告称,在血糖控制不佳的非肥胖成人患者中,近一半实为隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病,而他们往往被误诊为2型糖尿病。对于年轻、非肥胖、家族史阴性、血糖控制情况迅速恶化、迅速出现并发症的成人糖尿病患者,建议筛查自身抗体。

  Shrivastav博士在本次年会的青年研究者口头发表竞赛中介绍,根据这项仍在进行中的前瞻性观察研究的前100例患者的结果,48%患有成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)。竞赛评委之一、明尼苏达州肥胖、代谢与内分泌中心的Michael Gonzalez-Campoy博士表示,上述结果“发人深省”。

  所有受试者(平均年龄33.2岁)均罹患成年期发病的糖尿病(在20岁或之后获得诊断),平均病程为6年,平均体重指数(BMI)为18.2 kg/m²,在接受最佳剂量口服促胰岛素分泌药物(磺脲类)治疗的情况下平均糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平仍高达9.6%。

  所有受试者均接受了抗谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)和胰岛细胞自身抗原512(ICA512)抗体检测。结果显示45例患者为GAD阳性,7例患者为ICA 512阳性(其中4例GAD也为阳性)。

  与LADA阳性关联最强的2个因素为病程和糖尿病家族史。具体而言,LADA阳性的显著相关因素为病程较短(3.2年 vs. 7.6年;P<0.001)和糖尿病家族史阴性(LADA患者仅16%有糖尿病家族史,而非LADA患者为84%;P<0.001)。

  相对较弱的LADA相关因素为年龄较轻(31岁 vs. 34岁;P=0.02)、体重较低(17.4 vs. 19.1kg/m²;P=0.01)、HbA1c较高(10.2% vs. 9.1%;P=0.02),以及有糖尿病并发症(80.0% vs. 34.5%;P=0.01)。

  研究者指出:“我认为,由于很多人抱有‘1型糖尿病患者都很年轻,2型糖尿病患者都岁数大’的成见,相当多的1型糖尿病患者未能及时获得正确诊断,而这会对其治疗产生长期影响。1型糖尿病患者由于胰腺丧失了产生胰岛素的能力,因此增加口服降糖药的种数收效甚微,必须更早使用胰岛素。但我们曾遇到非常老的1型糖尿病患者,也曾遇到非常小的2型糖尿病患者;作出判断的唯一方法是进行检查。鉴于上述结果,我们需要严格甄别自身免疫性糖尿病患者,不论其年龄大小。”

  虽然对所有糖尿病患者进行抗体检测并不现实,但研究者认为,先检测胰岛素水平,然后仅对胰岛素偏低的患者进行抗体检测或许是符合成本效益的合理方法。此外,研究者称种族观念也是影响诊断的重要因素。“印度糖尿病患者往往害怕打针、极其不愿使用胰岛素,所以大量患者仅接受口服降糖药物治疗,其中许多接受三联或四联疗法。”

  Shrivastav博士和Gonzalez-Campoy博士均报告称无相关利益冲突。

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    2013-02-22 zgwhgch
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    2012-09-22 shanyongle
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