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Science:在活细胞中构建出可编程的蛋白电路

2018-09-28 佚名 细胞

在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州理工学院的研究人员的研究人员开发出一种蛋白生物工具包,这种生物工具包中的蛋白能够以不同的方式加以组装,从而对细胞中的新行为进行编程。作为一种概念验证,他们设计并构建出一种能够添加到在实验室培养皿中培养的人细胞内的蛋白电路(protein circuit),这种蛋白电路检测一种致癌基因在这些细胞中是否受到激活,如果确实如此的话,就导致它们自我摧毁。相关研究结果发表在20

在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州理工学院的研究人员的研究人员开发出一种蛋白生物工具包,这种生物工具包中的蛋白能够以不同的方式加以组装,从而对细胞中的新行为进行编程。作为一种概念验证,他们设计并构建出一种能够添加到在实验室培养皿中培养的人细胞内的蛋白电路(protein circuit),这种蛋白电路检测一种致癌基因在这些细胞中是否受到激活,如果确实如此的话,就导致它们自我摧毁。相关研究结果发表在2018年9月21日的Science期刊上,论文标题为“Programmable protein circuits in living cells”。论文通信作者为加州理工学院生物学与生物工程教授Michael Elowitz。论文第一作者为博士后研究员Xiaojing Gao和研究生Lucy Chong。

合成生物学是研究如何对细胞进行改造而给它们赋予新的功能,从诸如定期开启和关闭之类的简单任务到诸如检测疾病状态并作出反应之类的更为复杂的程序。通常,这是通过编辑细胞的基因组来完成的,这种编辑会产生永久性修饰,当细胞发生复制时,这种永久性修饰会传递下去。根据Elowitz的说法,合成生物学的一个主要目标是从这种编辑方法转向不会产生永久性修饰的解决方案。就像使用可移动的胶带而不是超级胶水一样,合成生物学的目的是开发出能够注射的执行某种功能的治疗性“电路”,随后一旦完成任务,这些治疗性电路就会消失。在理想情况下,它们是高度针对性的;不是不加选择地影响所有细胞,这些治疗性电路能够检测何时在细胞水平上发生差错并相应地加以修复。

如今,这些研究人员开发出一组蛋白构建模块(building block),它们能够以多种组合方式组合在一起,从而产生能够感知环境并采取相应行动的蛋白电路。这种蛋白生物工具包中的蛋白组分能够以不同的方式进行组合,从而执行从逻辑计算到信号加工的各种功能,最终构建出诊断特定细胞条件并作出反应的系统。

为了展现这种蛋白电路的未来潜力,这些研究人员构建出一种能够在实验室培养皿中检测细胞是否携带致癌基因的蛋白电路,如果携带的话,则将这种细胞破坏掉。对于“正常”的细胞,这种蛋白电路将是无害的。

Elowitz说,“生物医学面临的最大挑战之一就是特异性:你如何构建出一种仅影响特定细胞类型的治疗药物呢?随后,你如何以一种非常特异性的方式修饰这种细胞?这些任务对药物来说是充满挑战性的,但是生物电路(biological circuit)能够在这些任务中表现出色。蛋白电路能够经编程后感知许多类型的信息,加工它们,并以不同的方式作出反应。事实上,我们的细胞正常发挥作用的原因是我们的天然生物电路所具有的的不可思议的力量。”

Gao说,“这项研究仅是原理论证,而且我们尚未在动物身上证实这些功能。然而,这个框架可能有助于我们过渡到使用可编程的基于细胞的疗法作为药物。”

Chong说,“人们已在蛋白工程上方面开展了大量的研究工作,但是这是我们首次对以类似方式彼次之间进行调节或相互作用的蛋白进行改造,这允许将它们作为有用的构建模块进行组合。”

原始出处:
Xiaojing J. Gao*, Lucy S. Chong*, Matthew S. Kim et al. Programmable protein circuits in living cells. Science, 21 Sep 2018, 361(6408):1252-1258, doi:10.1126/science.aat5062.

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    2018-09-30 jichang
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    2018-09-28 天地飞扬

    学习一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-09-28 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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