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Cell Stem Cell:利用干细胞制造出的心肌细胞有助精准心血管医疗取得进展

2016-08-22 佚名 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,来自美国斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员发现利用人诱导性多能干细胞(iPS细胞)制造的心肌细胞忠实地反映供者天然的心脏组织中关键基因的表达模式。因此,这些细胞能够被用来预测病人是否可能经历药物相关的心脏损伤。相关研究结果于2016年8月18日在线发表在Cell Stem Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Transcriptome Profiling of Patient-S


在一项新的研究中,来自美国斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员发现利用人诱导性多能干细胞(iPS细胞)制造的心肌细胞忠实地反映供者天然的心脏组织中关键基因的表达模式。因此,这些细胞能够被用来预测病人是否可能经历药物相关的心脏损伤。相关研究结果于2016年8月18日在线发表在Cell Stem Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Transcriptome Profiling of Patient-Specific Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes Predicts Individual Drug Safety and Efficacy Responses In Vitro”。

这一发现验证了利用这样的细胞测试某些药物的潜在心脏毒性和设计用于治疗心肌病等疾病的新疗法。研究人员认为,在病人接受治疗之前,精确地找出哪些人可能遭受心脏损伤可能改善很多药物的安全记录。

论文通信作者、斯坦福大学医学院斯坦福心血管研究所主任、心血管医学教授和放射学教授Joseph Wu博士说,“在临床试验中,30%的药物最终因安全性而被撤回。这项研究证实这些细胞起着一种功能性读出器的作用:预测病人的心脏如何可能对特定的药物治疗作出反应和鉴定出哪些人应当避免某些疗法。”

测试心脏组织

利用容易获得的皮肤或血液样品构建iPS细胞的能力引发再生医学概念变革,并且使得在诊所中制造很多种人组织成为可能。然而,人们想知道这种制造iPS细胞的过程和随后诱导这些iPS细胞变成其他的组织是否可能影响基因表达模式,以及所产生的特定细胞发挥功能的方式。如果这样的话,这些变化可能限制它们的临床用途。

在这项新的研究中,Wu、第一作者Elena Matsa和他们的同事们利用源自并不知道是否有遗传倾向产生心脏问题的7个人的iPS细胞制造出心肌细胞。他们对这些心肌细胞产生的RNA分子进行测序以便了解它们正在表达哪些蛋白和表达多少。他们随后比较了每个人体内的结果---研究源自每个人的几批iPS细胞制造出的心肌细胞的基因表达模式---以及在这7人之间进行比较。

他们也研究了源自每个人的心肌细胞如何对剂量增加的两种药物---一种药物被称作罗格列酮,有时被用来治疗2型糖尿病;另一种被称作他克莫司,作为一种免疫抑制剂抑制移植器官排斥---作出反应。这两种药物中的每一种与一些人体内的不良心脏影响相关联,但是预测哪些人将会经历心脏损伤在此之前一直是不可能的。

Matsa说,“我们发现由源自每个人的iPS细胞产生的心肌细胞的基因表达关联性非常良好。但是这7人之间存在显著的差异,特别是参与代谢和应激反应的基因的表达模式。事实上,这7人中的一人在一种关键性的代谢途径中表现出非常异常的基因表达。”

鉴定出一种异常反应

研究人员发现,相比于其他人,来自这个人的心肌细胞对罗格列酮作出不同的反应。人们对它在心脏功能上的影响的担忧导致这种药物在欧洲被撤回,并且导致它在美国的使用受到严格限制。

Matsa说,“这个人的心肌细胞产生异常数量的活性氧,不能够再生它们的线粒体,而且当接触到罗格列酮时,相比于来自其他人的心肌细胞,它们比较弱地收缩。”

尽管研究人员不能够鉴定出可能导致这样一种结果的特异性基因突变,但是他们通过比较这个人的心肌细胞基因表达模式和不受影响的其他人的心肌细胞的基因表达模式,能够精确地找出一种重要的参与对这种药物作出反应的代谢途径。他们也能够通过使用一种基因组编辑技术提高这个途径中的一个基因的表达和恢复正常功能来校正这种缺陷。

最后,尽管研究人员证实这种有意义的基因表达模式差异在这7个人中存在,但是他们迄今为止还不能确信这些源自iPS细胞的心肌细胞忠实地复制每个人体内天然的心脏组织。为了研究这一点,他们构建出源自另外接受过心脏活组织检查或移植的3个人的iPS细胞。他们随后对这些源自iPS细胞的心肌细胞和相匹配的天然心脏组织进行比较,并且证实这两者的基因表达模式在很多重要的方面存在关联性---特别是对参与在心脏功能中发挥至关重要作用的代谢途径的基因而言。

Wu说,“很多人谈论精准医疗或精准健康,但是仅有少量针对如何以一种临床有意义的方式执行它的例子。我认为这种源自病人的iPS细胞平台允许我们不仅预测人体的功能,而且也学会更多地了解关键性的疾病相关途径。”

原始出处

Elena Matsa, Paul W. Burridge, Kun-Hsing Yu, John H. Ahrens, Vittavat Termglinchan, Haodi Wu, Chun Liu, Praveen Shukla, Nazish Sayed, Jared M. Churko, Ningyi Shao, Nicole A. Woo, Alexander S. Chao, Joseph D. Gold, Ioannis Karakikes, Michael P. Snyder, Joseph C. Wu.Transcriptome Profiling of Patient-Specific Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes Predicts Individual Drug Safety and Efficacy Responses In Vitro.Cell Stem Cell.2016

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    2017-04-05 维他命
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    2016-08-22 茶马古道

    都是为人民的健康服务!

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