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2012EASL慢性乙型肝炎诊疗指南解读

2012-05-04 庞琳娜 国际肝病

【前言】欧洲肝病研究学会2012版慢性乙型肝炎诊疗指南在今年4月份推出[点击下载指南全文],此次第47届欧肝会年会上,与会专家就指南的更新要点做了详细的解读,下面让我们一起来看看此次会议上,在慢乙肝诊疗各方面,针对新版指南的解读要点。  治疗目标         通过阻止疾病进展至肝硬化、失代偿期肝硬化、终末期肝病、肝细胞癌(HCC)和死

【前言】欧洲肝病研究学会2012版慢性乙型肝炎诊疗指南在今年4月份推出[点击下载指南全文],此次第47届欧肝会年会上,与会专家就指南的更新要点做了详细的解读,下面让我们一起来看看此次会议上,在慢乙肝诊疗各方面,针对新版指南的解读要点。
  
治疗目标
  
       通过阻止疾病进展至肝硬化、失代偿期肝硬化、终末期肝病、肝细胞癌(HCC)和死亡,提高生存质量,延长生存期。获得这一目标需要持续抑制HBV-DNA复制。伴随HBV-DNA抑制,慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)组织学病变的减轻,降低了肝硬化和HCC的风险,特别是在非肝硬化患者。
  
       >>亮点:与2009版EASL指南相比,2012版指南更加肯定了病毒抑制给组织学带来的改善。
  
治疗终点
  
       理想的治疗终点 是停止治疗后仍维持持续的HBsAg消失或血清学转换;
  
       满意的治疗终点 是HBeAg阴性患者在停止治疗后维持持续的病毒学和生化学应答(包括基线HBeAg阳性、发生持续血清学转换的患者和基线HBeAg阴性的患者);
  
       最必须的治疗终点 是在长期持续抗病毒治疗中维持病毒学应答(未获得HBeAg血清学转换者和HBeAg阴性患者)
  
       >>亮点:2012版EASL指南指出,理想终点是HBsAg消失,但当前不容易获得。更实际的重点是获得持续或维持病毒学缓解(remission)。
  
       考虑到核苷(酸)类似物停药后容易复发,2012版EASL指南中明确要求:理想终点和满意终点都应是在停止治疗后的获得相应应答。获得满意终点和理想终点的前提是长期维持病毒学应答。
  
适应证
  
       HBeAg阳性患者和HBeAg阴性患者的治疗适应证相同:HBV-DNA>2000IU/mL、血清ALT高于正常值上限、肝活检(或通过验证的非侵入性检测)显示中至重度活动性坏死性炎症和(或)至少有中度纤维化(通过标准化评分系统判定)。
  
       >>亮点:满足HBV-DNA和组织学严重程度标准者,即使ALT水平正常也可予以治疗。
  
初始治疗选择
  
       ETV和TDF是具高耐药屏障的强效病毒抑制剂,因此应作为一线单药治疗。
  
       无论使用何种药物,都应维持HBV-DNA低于检测下限(用实时PCR)。用ETV或TDF单药治疗3年及以上能在绝大部分患者中获得维持病毒学缓解。
  
       目前尚无证据表明在核苷初治患者中采用初始联合治疗能取得比ETV和TDF单药治疗更大的益处。
  
       >>亮点:只有在更强效的高耐药屏障药物无法获得或不适用的情况下,才考虑其他3种核苷(酸)类似物。
  
原发无应答
  
       原发无应答常见于ADV治疗,发生率约10%~20%。在NUC初治患者中,若对ADV原发无应答,推荐迅速转换为ETV或TDF。
  
       >>亮点:明确建议对于ADV无应答的初治患者,应迅速转换为ETV或TDF(B1)。
  
部分病毒学应答

       部分应答患者也应检查依从性。
  
       低耐药基因屏障药物 如LAM或LdT,治疗24周部分应答者,应换用更强效的药物(ETV或TDF),无交叉耐药者优先。
  
       疗效中等、耐药相对迟发药物 如ADV,治疗48周部分应答患者,应换用更强效药物(ETV或TDF),无交叉耐药者优先。
  
       强效、高耐药基因屏障药物 如ETV和TDF,治疗48周部分应答者的管理还有争议。应衡量患者的HBV-DNA水平和动力学特点。HBV-DNA持续下降者可继续治疗,因长期治疗病毒学应答率增加、耐药风险很低。
  
       >>亮点:对于LAM、LdT或ADV部分应答患者,建议直接换用强效药物,而不是加用无交叉耐药的药物。如ADV部分应答者可换用ETV。
  
耐药
  
       发生耐药时,应用无交叉耐药的最有效的抗病毒药物进行挽救治疗,以将诱导多药耐药变异株的风险降到最低。应严格避免低基因屏障药物(LAM、LdT、ADV)序贯单药治疗,因为发生多药耐药的风险很高。
  
       LAM耐药 换用TDF和加用TDF同样有效;若没有TDF,加用ADV。
  
       ADV耐药 若在应用ADV之前未接受过NUC治疗,换用ETV或TDF,高病毒载量患者优先考虑ETV;既往为LAM耐药者,换用TDF并加用核苷类似物。
  
       LdT耐药 优先考虑换用或加用TDF;若没有TDF,加用ADV。
  
       ETV耐药 很少见,可换用或加用TDF;若没有TDF,加用ADV。
  
       TDF耐药 相关经验不足,不过加用ETV、LdT、LAM或ETC应该是合理的。若患者既往未用LAM治疗,换用ETV,若患者为LAM耐药,首选加用ETV。
  
       >>亮点:对ADV耐药的管理建议大幅修改,根据既往NUC使用情况,可采取换药(ETV或TDF)或换药并加药的方式进行挽救治疗。
  
NUC有限疗程治疗(HBeAg阳性患者)

       用NUC治疗停药标准:在停药后获得持久的HBeAg血清学转换和HBV-DNA<2000IU/mL、ALT正常,甚至HBsAg清除。
  
       要想进行有限疗程的治疗,应使用最强效、基因屏障最高的药物,迅速将病毒抑制至不可测水平,避免因耐药导致的病毒学突破。
  
       相当比例的患者在停用NUC后需要再治疗。因此,可继续应用NUC治疗至HBsAg清除(伴或不伴出现抗-HBs),特别是在重度肝纤维化或肝硬化的患者。
  
       停药建议 NUC治疗时,获得HBeAg血清学转换后,应巩固治疗12个月;停药后的持续应答率为40%~80%。
  
       >>亮点:①停药后的持续应答率为40%~80%(2009版指南中:“持续应答率为80%”,未强调“停药后”),提示停药后复发率很高,需长期治疗;“获得HBeAg血清学转换后的巩固治疗时间为12个月(2009版指南中为6~12个月)。”
  
NUC长期治疗

       未出现HBeAg血清学转换的HBeAg阳性患者和HBeAg阴性患者,需要长期治疗,且应获得HBV-DNA<10-15IU/mL以避免耐药发生。
  
       长期治疗策略也推荐用于肝硬化患者(不考虑治疗时的HBeAg状态或HBeAg血清学转换)。
  
       应选择最强效、耐药率最低的药物,即ETV或TDF,作为一线单药治疗。
  
       用ETV或TDF单药治疗≥3年,绝大多数患者能获得持续的病毒学缓解。
  
       >>亮点:长期治疗应首选强效、低耐药药物单药治疗。
  
长期应用的安全性
  
       NUC通过肾脏清除,对于肌酐清除率<50mL/min的患者,应调整剂量。
  
       核苷酸类药物的肾脏毒性更高,特别是ADV。ADV和TDF治疗的患者均应监测肾脏不良反应(血肌酐和血磷)。核苷类药物治疗时,有肾病高风险的患者需监测肾脏不良反应。
  
代偿期肝硬化的治疗
  
       HBV-DNA阳性的代偿期肝硬化患者必须考虑治疗(即便ALT正常)。
  
       肝硬化患者需要长期治疗,并仔细监测耐药和肝炎发作的发生。
  
       长期和充分抑制HBV-DNA能够稳定患者的病情,预防发生失代偿,还能使肝纤维化和肝硬化逆转和消退。
  
       ETV或TDF是首选NUC,因为它们抗病毒作用强、耐药风险很低。这类患者不应使用LAM。
  
       >>亮点:①肝硬化患者只要HBV-DNA阳性,就应考虑抗病毒治疗;②肝硬化患者不应使用LAM。
  
失代偿期肝硬化的治疗

       为减少疾病复发,不管HBV-DNA水平如何,失代偿肝硬化患者都需要抗病毒治疗。HBV-DNA阳性的患者则需用立即接受NUC抗病毒治疗。
  
       推荐进行终生治疗。
  
       控制病毒复制后,可获得显著的临床改善,或可避免肝移植。
  
       禁忌使用IFN类药物。
  
       应选择ETV或TDF。  
 
       >>亮点:①失代偿期肝硬化患者不管HBV-DNA水平多高,都应该进行抗病毒治疗;②推荐进行终生治疗。

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    2012-05-20 myscience

    very nice

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1825572, encodeId=621d18255e26a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a942339426' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乙型肝炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23394, encryptionId=1a942339426, topicName=乙型肝炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sun Sep 16 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4284, encodeId=6d854284ac, content=very nice <br> , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=607a61629, createdName=myscience, createdTime=Sun May 20 22:06:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1271224, encodeId=e98012e1224d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d745346316' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性乙型肝炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53463, encryptionId=3d745346316, topicName=慢性乙型肝炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaP1mV9qBwx5tE2F4xcG1r4x1PibWvluIFLB8VsViakqNMBia2Z0wFibVrYwDEILvHB1OomzzTAAGy5MVl5BrdEv9Bw/132, createdBy=e11f100, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1412484, encodeId=c7af141248434, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebcd6442dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EASL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6442, encryptionId=ebcd6442dc, topicName=EASL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a0c52872504, createdName=kord1983, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519136, encodeId=9a0b151913651, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2082286e7b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2867, encryptionId=2082286e7b, topicName=ASL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c1a311248160, createdName=lq1771, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551718, encodeId=22e81551e18cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=305156401eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南解读#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56401, encryptionId=305156401eb, topicName=指南解读)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb0214221999, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-05-06 kord1983
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1825572, encodeId=621d18255e26a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a942339426' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乙型肝炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23394, encryptionId=1a942339426, topicName=乙型肝炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sun Sep 16 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4284, encodeId=6d854284ac, content=very nice <br> , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=607a61629, createdName=myscience, createdTime=Sun May 20 22:06:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1271224, encodeId=e98012e1224d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d745346316' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性乙型肝炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53463, encryptionId=3d745346316, topicName=慢性乙型肝炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaP1mV9qBwx5tE2F4xcG1r4x1PibWvluIFLB8VsViakqNMBia2Z0wFibVrYwDEILvHB1OomzzTAAGy5MVl5BrdEv9Bw/132, createdBy=e11f100, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1412484, encodeId=c7af141248434, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebcd6442dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EASL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6442, encryptionId=ebcd6442dc, topicName=EASL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a0c52872504, createdName=kord1983, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519136, encodeId=9a0b151913651, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2082286e7b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2867, encryptionId=2082286e7b, topicName=ASL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c1a311248160, createdName=lq1771, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551718, encodeId=22e81551e18cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=305156401eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南解读#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56401, encryptionId=305156401eb, topicName=指南解读)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb0214221999, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sun May 06 01:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-05-06 lq1771
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作者:北京地坛医院 蔡晧东 (摘自蔡晧东医生的博客)           亚太地区乙型肝炎治疗指南(点击查看指南草案)推荐未怀孕的育龄妇女可以用干扰素治疗,但治疗期间要注意避孕。需要治疗的妊娠妇女可以用替比夫定和替诺福韦治疗。这个建议与我国和其他国家/地区的指南相似。不同的是,怀孕前的治疗中没有提到可以用核苷(酸)类药物,怀孕期间的药

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