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双胞胎研究表明环境因素在阿尔茨海默病的病理中起重要作用

2021-12-31 brainnew神内神外 网络

用一种称为淀粉样蛋白 PET 的特殊成像技术,来确定淀粉样蛋白积累的比例有多少是由基因决定的,以及有多少是由环境或可改变的风险因素(如高血压和高胆固醇)决定的,这是此领域内的世界首项研究。

 

遗传与环境影响的问题在脑衰老研究中发挥着重要作用,悉尼新南威尔士大学(University of New South Wales,UNSW)健康脑衰老中心 (CHeBA) 的研究人员通过观察同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的大脑,揭示了基因和环境对阿尔茨海默病的标志之一——淀粉样斑块影响的新见解。

 

 

新南威尔士大学12月20日消息

 

这项发表在《神经病学、神经外科和精神病学杂志》(Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry)上的研究,是由 Rebecca Koncz  博士领导的,使用一种称为淀粉样蛋白 PET 的特殊成像技术,来确定淀粉样蛋白积累的比例有多少是由基因决定的,以及有多少是由环境或可改变的风险因素(如高血压和高胆固醇)决定的,这是此领域内的世界首项研究。

 

研究于2021年12月17日发表在《Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry》(最新影响因子:10.154)杂志上

 

“淀粉样蛋白是一种蛋白质,它在阿尔茨海默病发展的早期就在大脑中积累,这种标志性特征在记忆问题变得明显之前几十年就开始出现了,” Koncz 博士说。

 

根据 CHeBA 联合主任兼澳大利亚老年双胞胎研究负责人 Perminder Sachdev 教授的说法,双胞胎提供了一个独特的机会来研究遗传和生活方式因素对阿尔茨海默病的相对重要性,因为同卵双胞胎共享 100% 的遗传物质, 而异卵双胞胎共享估计 50%的遗传物质。 

 

 

澳大利亚拥有世界领先的双胞胎注册机构之一——澳大利亚双胞胎研究中心,其成员参与了这项研究。淀粉样蛋白 PET 成像是与墨尔本奥斯汀医院的分子成像和治疗系以及悉尼威尔士亲王医院的核医学和 PET 系合作完成的。

 

Perminder Sachdev 教授

 

研究人员发现淀粉样蛋白的遗传力是中等的,这意味着基因在决定大脑中淀粉样蛋白积累的变化方面只发挥中等作用

 

“这是很重要的,因为它告诉我们,虽然基因很重要,但实际上有一个主要的环境因素,可能对干预有很好的反应,” Koncz 博士说。

 

“关于可改变的风险因素,我们研究了血管风险因素,如高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇或心脏病史是否与淀粉样蛋白负荷显著相关,或者是否有任何共同的遗传基础,” Koncz 博士说。

 

Rebecca Koncz  博士

 

虽然这项研究没有发现血管风险因素和淀粉样蛋白之间的联系,但还需要更大的研究。

 

Perminder Sachdev 教授说:“确定可改变的风险因素将引导我们采取积极的干预措施,降低淀粉样蛋白积累的风险——并最终降低患阿尔茨海默病的风险。”

 

创立于1949年的新南威尔士大学

 

参考文献

Source:University of New South Wales

Twins Study Indicates Environmental Factors Significant in Alzheimer’s Pathology

Reference:

Koncz R, Thalamuthu A, Wen W, et alThe heritability of amyloid burden in older adults: the Older Australian Twins StudyJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Published Online First: 17 December 2021. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326677

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