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Diabete Care:糖尿病患者的癌症发病率和死亡率更高

2015-01-20 medicalt 丁香园

近期,Becky McCall在Medscape Medical News报道了一篇关于糖尿病患者肿瘤发生率更高的报道。 一项澳大利亚研究表明,与一般人群相比,患有1型或者2型糖尿病的患者,癌症发生率和因癌死亡率会更高,尤其在某些肿瘤中风险更高。研究人员表示,癌症患者应该进行糖尿病筛查,以帮助早期发现和减少过早死亡。 来自澳大利亚墨尔本心脏和糖尿病学会的博士候选人杰西卡·哈丁称,胰腺、肝脏、子

近期,Becky McCall在Medscape Medical News报道了一篇关于糖尿病患者肿瘤发生率更高的报道。

一项澳大利亚研究表明,与一般人群相比,患有1型或者2型糖尿病的患者,癌症发生率和因癌死亡率会更高,尤其在某些肿瘤中风险更高。研究人员表示,癌症患者应该进行糖尿病筛查,以帮助早期发现和减少过早死亡。

来自澳大利亚墨尔本心脏和糖尿病学会的博士候选人杰西卡·哈丁称,胰腺、肝脏、子宫内膜、肾,甲状腺、胆囊的癌症和慢性髓细胞性白血病的患者具有较高的风险,这项研究结果发表在Diabete Care杂志上。

研究者指出,在糖尿病的诊断成立后直接给予治疗以及一些反向因果关系,可能部分解释了在最初的时候,癌症风险会增加的原因,但这些因素“并不能解释在诊断糖尿病两年后,风险仍然是增加的,特别是胰腺、肝、肾的癌症和子宫内膜癌”。Harding教授表示,这些结果表明临床医生应警惕筛查糖尿病人的癌症,早期发现是关键,这是为了防止癌症的早期发病和死亡。

一份来自澳大利亚的全国性的糖尿病服务计划(NDSS)的调查共包括80676(8.5%)名1型糖尿病患者和872706(91.5%)名2型糖尿病患者,诊断时间为1997年和2008年之间。NDSS是全球一个最大的糖尿病患者注册系统,这里的数据直接与澳大利亚全国死亡指数(NDI)相连。

之后信息与澳大利亚癌症死亡数据库(ACD)相连,用来计算糖尿病患者的总体癌症和位点特异性癌症的标准化发病率和死亡率。澳大利亚一般人群的癌症发病率作为对照组。

Harding教授指出,随着人口老龄化和肥胖的增加,癌症和糖尿病的发病率都有上升的趋势,鉴于这两者的增长都发生在同一时间段,推测这两者之间是存在联系的。

此外,“由于胰岛素可能促进癌细胞的增长,我们想探索胰岛素治疗的1型糖尿病患者是否比2型糖尿病患者具有更高的患癌症的风险。特别是,血糖升高的水平和/或糖尿病肥胖是否能够致癌症的发展?这些理论已经通过动物实验数据得到了验证,但还缺乏大型的人群研究”。

1型糖尿病患者的罹患癌症的标准化发病率分别为男性为1.02和女性为1.10。1型糖尿病的女性患者,相比一般人群,胰腺、肝脏、食道、结肠和直肠、胃、甲状腺、脑和肺的癌症,以及卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌的风险要高,而黑素瘤的癌症风险会低。

对于男性患者也是如此,但是很少有显著联系,且前列腺癌的发生率会降低。胰腺癌、肝癌和非霍奇金淋巴瘤并发1型糖尿病,肾癌(男性),大脑和子宫内膜癌(女性),可见显著升高的死亡比率。

2型糖尿病患者的罹患癌症的标准化发病率分别为男性1.08和女性为1.22。所有癌症患者并发2型糖尿病的,可见显著升高的死亡比率,但排除脑、肛门(女性)、睾丸(男性)和食道(女性)的癌症。黑色素瘤和前列腺癌并发2型糖尿病的会减少风险。对于2型糖尿病患者,患有胰腺、肝脏和肾脏的癌症以及霍奇金淋巴瘤癌症会显著增加死亡率。

在女性当中,胃和胆囊肿瘤以及非霍奇金淋巴瘤和死亡率增高也有关系。 2型糖尿病患者的肥胖,生活方式以及糖尿病治疗会增加一些肿瘤的发生率。

因此,两种糖尿病类型都可以发现能够增加肿瘤发生率的现象,胰岛素可能并不是肿瘤发生的驱动力,而高血糖可能是一种促进因子。

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    2015-04-11 x35042875

    AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性

    0

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    2015-01-24 223.104.5.**

    都知道呀

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