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患病后的10种常见心理表现 掌握医患沟通技巧

2017-04-18 佚名 健康界

为您总结常见的10种心理表现,患者或多或少都会有这些表现,医务人员需要理解患者、找到问题点并与之更好地沟通。


患者,或称为病人,是一种社会的特殊角色。区别于身体或心理健康的人群,他们往往心理会发生一些变化,尤其在疾病变化快速或久治不愈的情况下,表现的更为明显。掌握患者的心理对于医务人员来说,特别是掌控疾病进展、好转等至关重要。以下是常见的10种心理表现,患者或多或少都会有这些表现,医务人员需要理解患者、找到问题点并与之更好地沟通。

1.惯性思维

惯性是一种心理定势,患者看病之初,有些会幻想自己没有患病,可能是医生搞错了,这是惯性思维造成的。而当疾病好转后,又认为自己没有完全恢复,要求继续住院观察和治疗,不愿出院,这是习惯了病人身份的惰性表现。

2.异常感觉增多

患者对自然环境的变化,如声、光、温度等特别敏感,稍有声响就紧张不安;躯体不适的耐受力下降、主观体验增强,如感到动脉猛跳,神经颤抖等,害怕这些变化会加重病情。对别人的说话声调、动作等也会挑剔,易反感。

3.情感脆弱

患者易激动、朝他人发怒;遇事心烦意乱,常为小事而发火;动不动就容易哭,怨恨命运;常常自责、作践自己。

4.容易猜忌

久病不愈的患者易盲目猜疑,对他人的表情、神态、行为等特别敏感、多疑;甚至对医生诊断、治疗、护理也会产生怀疑、不信任,对各种检查、不同治疗均要追根寻底;若亲人探视不及时或次数减少亦会怀疑对他冷淡或另有新欢等。

5.焦虑或恐惧

患者对自身健康或客观事物作出远低于事实的评估,特别是疾病不见好转或病情稍有恶化;当康复无望时表现为复杂情绪反应,其主要特征是恐惧和担心。也可因担心家庭、工作、经济、学习、婚姻问题等社会因素而焦虑烦恼、坐立不安。病人焦虑的表现为肌肉紧张、出汗、搓手顿足、紧握拳头、面色苍白、脉搏加快、血压上升等,也可出现失眠、头痛。

6.被迫弃感

患者来到医院新环境,与陌生人相处感到孤独,且住院的每天生活单调及受限。从早到晚,进餐、查房、服药、治疗、睡眠,日复一日,尤其长期住院的病人,不喜与人沟通的,更是度日如年。被抛弃感可使人烦恼、焦虑、恐慌;使人感到凄凉、被遗弃而消极悲观。特殊情况下,患者会选择自杀。

7.抑郁表现

因患病丧失了部分或全部劳动能力,或疾病导致了外貌、形象变化,病人情绪变得异常悲观,少言寡语,对外界的任何事物不感兴趣,特别是以往感兴趣的也没有反应;哭泣不语或叫苦连天;有的病人自暴自弃、放弃治疗,严重者甚至出现轻生的念头。

8.习得性无助

当患者认为自己对所处环境没有控制力并无力改变时,久而久之就会产生习得性无助。这是一种无能为力、无所适从、听之任之、被动挨打的情绪反应。这种无助还可以泛化而导致失望和抑郁等临床表现。病人呈现出淡漠、缄默不语,或自卑自怜、在怨恨,或在回首往事留恋人生,或在默默告别人世。

9.自尊心超强

患者希望得到他人关心、尊重,尤其得重视其病情。愿听安慰与疏导的话语,自认为应受到特殊照顾、特别尊重,特别注意医护人员的态度,稍有不妥即视为对其不尊重而生气,对治疗不合作。

10.希望落空

患者期望可能是对未来的美好想象的追求。不论急性或慢性病人都希望获得同情和支持,得到认真的诊治和护理,急盼早日康复。那些期望水准较高的病人,往往把家属的安慰、医护人员的鼓励视为病情好转,甚至即将痊愈的征兆。期待心理是一个人渴望生存的精神支柱,是一种积极的心理状态,客观上对治疗是有益的。但要预防一旦期待的目标落空,病人会陷入迷惘之中,情绪消沉,甚至精神崩溃。

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    2017-04-20 millore
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    2017-04-19 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了。

    0

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    2017-04-18 星星佐

    学习了

    0

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    2017-04-18 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了。

    0

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    2017-04-18 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-04-18 DrJiao999

    医生应该多学习和掌握一下患者心理,并进行有效沟通,可以起到重要作用

    0

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    2017-04-18 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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