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J Orthop Sci:隐性失血影响老年患者围手术期生命安全

2015-03-13 MedSci MedSci原创

在髋部骨折中,股骨转子间骨折髓内固定和股骨颈骨折关节置换术患者围手术期血红蛋白下降水平往往同术中失血量不一致,国外有学者针对此类现象提出“隐性失血”概念,并认为此种巨大变化可能同骨折本身和手术造成的隐性失血相关。 髋部骨折隐性失血的原因目前并不明确,Pattison等专家认为,隐性失血是发生了溶血所致;Mcmanus等专家提出,隐性失血的原因是由于血液大量进入组织间隙,其直接的支持依据是使用

在髋部骨折中,股骨转子间骨折髓内固定和股骨颈骨折关节置换术患者围手术期血红蛋白下降水平往往同术中失血量不一致,国外有学者针对此类现象提出“隐性失血”概念,并认为此种巨大变化可能同骨折本身和手术造成的隐性失血相关。

髋部骨折隐性失血的原因目前并不明确,Pattison等专家认为,隐性失血是发生了溶血所致;Mcmanus等专家提出,隐性失血的原因是由于血液大量进入组织间隙,其直接的支持依据是使用放射性同位素标记红细胞发现大量标记的红细胞进入组织间隙导致血红蛋白水平下降,发生机制可能跟毛细血管床异常开放有关。隐性失血不但存在于髋部骨折患者围手术期,在脊柱骨折、髋膝关节置换等骨科大手术也广泛存在。

北京积水潭医院从2013年12月至2014年5月,共收治的128例髋部骨折(股骨转子间骨折57例,股骨颈骨折71例)患者资料,并根据Gross方程进行计算患者围手术期术前隐性失血量、术中/术后显性失血量、术后隐性失血量、总隐性失血量及总失血量。

研究结果显示,术前隐性失血量:股骨转子间骨折患者为 (213.0±65.3) mL,股骨颈骨折患者为(138.4±51.4) mL;显性失血量:股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术为(645.1±71.6) mL,股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换术为 (206.7±71.2) mL,股骨颈骨折闭合复位空心钉内固定术为(62.4±16.1) mL,股骨转子间骨折髓内固定术为(111.3±57.2) mL。术后隐性失血量:股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术为(572.8±114.1.0) mL,股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换术为(281.6±62.5) ml,股骨颈骨折闭合复位空心钉内固定术为(112.6±42.9) mL,股骨转子间骨折髓内固定术为(423.6±124.7) mL。总失血量:股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术为(1411.2±119.2) mL,股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换术为(648.4±81.1) mL,股骨颈骨折闭合复位空心钉固定术为(318.1±55.8) mL,股骨转子间骨折髓内固定术为(790.9±90.5) mL。

通过上述数据的比较,临床医生对髋部骨折围手术期失血量要有全面认识,特别对隐性失血(术前和术后)应予以足够重视。针对髋部骨折隐性失血,目前还缺乏有效的预防办法,我们能够做到的是及时发现和评估隐性失血,通过异体输血的方式来减少和消除隐性失血后对老年患者的不利影响。

同时,北京积水潭医院从2003年1月至2013年12月,634​​股骨粗隆间骨折患者纳入研究。结果发现
非高龄患者术后血红蛋白变化大于高龄患者,血红蛋白(HGB)的变化<75岁显著大于患者> 75岁(P = 0.039)。同时,75岁以下患者血细胞比容(HCT)变化明显大于> 75岁患者,但差异并不显著性(P = 0.062)。性别对HCT和HGB没有显著的影响。糖尿病患者的HGB和HCT变化(ΔHCT,8.47±3.36%;ΔHGB,29.19±13.10克/升)在统计学上高于无糖尿病患者(ΔHCT,5.52±3.84%;ΔHGB,19.81±14.68克/升)(P = 0.006,P = 0.022)。高血压和冠状动脉心脏疾病对HCT和HGB水平的变化没有显著的影响。手术时间对HCT和HGB的变化显著的影响。研究结果表明股骨转子间骨折的患者采用早期髓内钉治疗时,患者年龄,医疗疾病的因素,如糖尿病,手术时间,和创伤和操作之间的时间等,都可能与围手术期的血红蛋白和血细胞比容水平(隐性失血)存在关联。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053722, encodeId=f5872053e221c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f5a54442a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54442, encryptionId=8f5a54442a1, topicName=手术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Tue Jun 23 01:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21311, encodeId=c7ff2131194, content=确实有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3r6Ir8EADbw8kut6NgpfYKrksLd7rsf9GSZGCUZkpHosu8Jsibzk64KSuO8dFfOW7J5kW4bjib4eI/0, createdBy=d0201619051, createdName=吴颖, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 15:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21290, encodeId=9b432129002, content=跟血库老师强调很多次这个问题 人家就只看化验指标 要不来血, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bec31378570, createdName=sunqi2001, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 07:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20872, encodeId=597b208e219, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522653, encodeId=39fb1522653ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c364430828' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#失血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44308, encryptionId=4c364430828, topicName=失血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d6c011466504, createdName=daviiliu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 13:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18276, encodeId=ea82182e611, content=新概念,值得重视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 08:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053722, encodeId=f5872053e221c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f5a54442a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54442, encryptionId=8f5a54442a1, topicName=手术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Tue Jun 23 01:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21311, encodeId=c7ff2131194, content=确实有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3r6Ir8EADbw8kut6NgpfYKrksLd7rsf9GSZGCUZkpHosu8Jsibzk64KSuO8dFfOW7J5kW4bjib4eI/0, createdBy=d0201619051, createdName=吴颖, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 15:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21290, encodeId=9b432129002, content=跟血库老师强调很多次这个问题 人家就只看化验指标 要不来血, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bec31378570, createdName=sunqi2001, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 07:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20872, encodeId=597b208e219, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522653, encodeId=39fb1522653ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c364430828' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#失血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44308, encryptionId=4c364430828, topicName=失血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d6c011466504, createdName=daviiliu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 13:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18276, encodeId=ea82182e611, content=新概念,值得重视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 08:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-17 吴颖

    确实有指导意义

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053722, encodeId=f5872053e221c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f5a54442a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54442, encryptionId=8f5a54442a1, topicName=手术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Tue Jun 23 01:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21311, encodeId=c7ff2131194, content=确实有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3r6Ir8EADbw8kut6NgpfYKrksLd7rsf9GSZGCUZkpHosu8Jsibzk64KSuO8dFfOW7J5kW4bjib4eI/0, createdBy=d0201619051, createdName=吴颖, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 15:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21290, encodeId=9b432129002, content=跟血库老师强调很多次这个问题 人家就只看化验指标 要不来血, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bec31378570, createdName=sunqi2001, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 07:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20872, encodeId=597b208e219, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522653, encodeId=39fb1522653ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c364430828' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#失血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44308, encryptionId=4c364430828, topicName=失血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d6c011466504, createdName=daviiliu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 13:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18276, encodeId=ea82182e611, content=新概念,值得重视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 08:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-17 sunqi2001

    跟血库老师强调很多次这个问题 人家就只看化验指标 要不来血

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053722, encodeId=f5872053e221c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f5a54442a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54442, encryptionId=8f5a54442a1, topicName=手术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Tue Jun 23 01:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21311, encodeId=c7ff2131194, content=确实有指导意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3r6Ir8EADbw8kut6NgpfYKrksLd7rsf9GSZGCUZkpHosu8Jsibzk64KSuO8dFfOW7J5kW4bjib4eI/0, createdBy=d0201619051, createdName=吴颖, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 15:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21290, encodeId=9b432129002, content=跟血库老师强调很多次这个问题 人家就只看化验指标 要不来血, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bec31378570, createdName=sunqi2001, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 07:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20872, encodeId=597b208e219, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522653, encodeId=39fb1522653ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c364430828' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#失血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44308, encryptionId=4c364430828, topicName=失血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d6c011466504, createdName=daviiliu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 13:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18276, encodeId=ea82182e611, content=新概念,值得重视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 08:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-12 x35042875

    患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施

    0

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    2015-03-15 daviiliu
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    2015-03-14 lovetcm

    新概念,值得重视

    0

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