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认知行为疗法治疗失眠症患者

2012-11-13 中国科学报 中国科学报

      在英国,罹患失眠比焦虑、抑郁甚至疼痛等任何其他心理疾患都更具普遍性,然而这一状况有望出现改观。   在大多数医疗机构,医生给失眠症患者所做的唯一治疗就是服用一个疗程的安眠药片。现在,通过拉夫堡大学睡眠专家开展的一个培训项目,英国的失眠症患者有可能接受一种更有效的非药物治疗。   这一由英国经济与社会研究理事会(ESRC)资助的研究项目在全英范围内对失眠认知行为

  

   在英国,罹患失眠比焦虑、抑郁甚至疼痛等任何其他心理疾患都更具普遍性,然而这一状况有望出现改观。

  在大多数医疗机构,医生给失眠症患者所做的唯一治疗就是服用一个疗程的安眠药片。现在,通过拉夫堡大学睡眠专家开展的一个培训项目,英国的失眠症患者有可能接受一种更有效的非药物治疗。

  这一由英国经济与社会研究理事会(ESRC)资助的研究项目在全英范围内对失眠认知行为疗法(CBTi)的应用进行了试验。

  牵头开展这项试验的拉夫堡大学教授Kevin Morgan表示:“众所周知,服用安眠药会成瘾,其功效也会随着时间的推移而逐渐减弱。”

  Morgan说:“从长期来看,失眠认知行为疗法的治疗效果要优于药物,这是不争的事实。不过,到目前为止,将失眠认知行为疗法应用于临床还存在着巨大障碍,其中包括缺少接受过培训的治疗师以及能提供这一治疗的适宜诊所的缺失。”

  试验证明,失眠认知行为疗法可能会使任何年龄段的失眠人群获益。它还可能使其他慢性病患者以及特别容易失眠者获益。

  “失眠认知行为疗法不是一个艰深的概念,而是一个课题,它旨在鼓励失眠患者以一种不同的方式看待睡眠并改变导致睡眠问题的生活习惯。” Morgan补充说。

  试验项目包括在一个有组织的自助式项目中应用失眠认知行为管理原则。

  试验方为患者发放了6本每周一期的小册子,书中对睡眠的机理以及如何控制睡眠作了说明。他们还开通了一条热线电话,接线人员由罹患失眠的“专家患者”担任。

  Morgan说:“小册子为我们讲授如何重建对卧室的信任并再次尝试将卧室与睡眠联系起来。例如,我们以同样的方式对食品进行联想,想象一下,走进餐馆可以使口中流涎,期待即刻享受 美味,因此,进入卧室应该催生睡意。”

  然而此项研究最令人意想不到的结果就是成功开展了失眠认知行为疗法培训。这一培训计划的初衷是让参与者加入到项目中来。

  试验结束后,Morgan的研究团队为全英医疗机构的治疗师进行了培训。

  Morgan说:“苏格兰每个护理帕金森氏症病人的护士都接受了失眠认知行为疗法的培训,在牛津和约克郡南部也将开设新的课程。”他指出:“将失眠认知行为疗法纳入试验项目是集体智慧的结晶。现在,通过为地区医疗机构推出这项培训计划,我们实际上克服了将失眠认知行为疗法用于治疗失眠的一个重大障碍——从业人员缺少这方面的技能。”

  Morgan表示:“这个课题为人们提供了打破恶性循环的工具。大部分的失眠患者从未想过他们能在失眠这个问题上‘有所为’。不过现在,经过培训的治疗师有望在医疗机构为患者提供自助式失眠认知行为疗法治疗,这一切将会有所改观。”

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