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ASCO 2013:新辅助化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌或可替代外科手术

2013-06-19 Alex 译 医学论坛网

  初诊为晚期卵巢癌使用化疗或一期手术的研究:结果来源于MRC CHORUS临床试验     背景:晚期卵巢癌(OC)的一线治疗方法是接受一期外科手术(PS),其次是铂类为基础的辅助化疗(P-CT)。然而,EORTC55971试验建议新辅助化疗(NACT)也可作为一种可供选择的方法,研究显示它能够增加最佳减瘤率和减少手术并发症,且不影响生存。CHORUKS(CRUK07/009)是第二个探讨卵巢

  初诊为晚期卵巢癌使用化疗或一期手术的研究:结果来源于MRC CHORUS临床试验  

  背景:晚期卵巢癌(OC)的一线治疗方法是接受一期外科手术(PS),其次是铂类为基础的辅助化疗(P-CT)。然而,EORTC55971试验建议新辅助化疗(NACT)也可作为一种可供选择的方法,研究显示它能够增加最佳减瘤率和减少手术并发症,且不影响生存。CHORUKS(CRUK07/009)是第二个探讨卵巢癌初次手术时间的III期随机对照试验。

  方法:按照国际妇女联合会(FIGO)分期的III-IV期卵巢癌患者(盆腔包块,盆腔外转移,CA125/CEA>25)随机分配到标准化治疗(PS之后6个疗程的P-CT)或新辅助化疗NACT(手术前后各3疗程的P-CT)。CHORUS实验设计旨在证明NACT的非劣性,这不包括6%的有3年绝对不利生存期的患者,他们来自50%预期接受PS(1-双侧α为10%)治疗。主要观察指标是总生存期(OS),次要指标是无进展生存期(PFS)、毒性和生活质量。

  结果:2004年3月到2010年8月之间,从74个中心(72英国,2新西兰)随机收集550名女性患者(276 PS,274NACT)。患者基本特征均衡:年龄中位数为65,肿瘤大小中位数是80mm,25%患者为FIGOⅣ期,19%为WHO PS 2。随访期中位数为3年,410名患者死亡。数据汇总在表格里。对照组的3年生存率为32%。意向治疗分析显示,PS的中位OS是22.8月,而NACT的是24.5月(危险比HR为0.87,80% CI 0.76 – 0.98),两者的PFS为10.2个月VS 11.7个月(HR为0.91,0.81 - 1.02)。OS结果表示有5%绝对获益于NACT,这使得3年生存率提高到37%,并且高于80%CI的话,我们就能够排除是PS使得生存获益。

  结论:NACT与最佳肿瘤减灭术有关,减少了早期死亡率和预后不良的情况。CHORUS结果与EORTC55971S试验一致,并且进一步证明了NACT替代PS是可行的。

                                                 一期外科手术PS                    新辅助化疗NACT    

                                                            (n=276)                              (n=274)

接受的治疗                                          手术90%                         铂类基础化疗92%

                                                           铂类基础化疗76%                      手术78%

手术+6疗程铂类基础化疗                    64%                                         68%

术后不良反应(级别3+)

感染                                                        6%                                          3%

出血                                                        3%                                          7%

静脉血栓                                                2%                                          0%

14天内出院                                            74%                                         92%                 

肿瘤0cm残留                                         15%                                         35%

12月生存率                                            70%                                         76%

 
Chemotherapy or upfront surgery for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer: Results from the MRC CHORUS trial.
Background
First line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (OC) is accepted to be primary surgery (PS) followed by adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (P-CT). However, the EORTC55971 trial suggested neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an alternative, showing increased optimal debulking rates and reduced surgical complications without detriment to survival. CHORUS (CRUK 07/009) is the 2nd phase III randomized controlled trial to investigate timing of initial surgery in OC.
Methods
Patients (pts) with clinical FIGO stage III-IV OC (pelvic mass, extrapelvic metastases and CA125/CEA ratio >25) were randomized to standard treatment (PS followed by 6 cycles P-CT) or NACT (3 cycles P-CT either side of surgery). CHORUS was designed to demonstrate non-inferiority of NACT, excluding a 6% absolute detriment in 3yr survival from 50% expected with PS (1-sided alpha 10%). Primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and secondary outcomes were progression free survival (PFS), toxicity and quality of life.
Results
550 women (276 PS, 274 NACT) were randomized from 74 centres (72 UK, 2 NZ) between Mar 2004 and Aug 2010. Baseline characteristics were well balanced: median age 65yrs, median tumor size 80mm, 25% FIGO stage IV, 19% WHO PS 2. Median follow-up was 3yrs, 410 pts have died. Treatment data are summarized in the Table. 3yr survival in the control arm was 32%. Intention to treat analysis showed a median OS of 22.8 months for PS vs 24.5 months for NACT (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87 in favor of NACT, 80% CI 0.76 – 0.98) and median PFS of 10.2 vs 11.7 months (HR 0.91, 0.81 – 1.02). OS results represent a 5% absolute benefit in 3yr survival for NACT to 37% and the upper 80% CI allows us to exclude a survival benefit for PS.
Conclusions
NACT was associated with increased optimal debulking, less early mortality and similar survival in this poor prognosis group. CHORUS results are consistent with EORTC55971 and strengthen evidence that NACT is a viable alternative to PS.

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