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Cancer cell:癌症抗体治疗出现耐受性,怎样克服?

2015-04-15 佚名 生物谷

在癌症治疗中,肿瘤特异性抗体至比较常用的一类药物治疗手段。抗体的效用依赖于其与体内Fc gamma 受体的相互作用。目前抗体的治疗已经被用于多种恶性肿瘤中,然而,在相当多的患者体内出现了抗体药物的耐药性症状。为了解释这一症状的内在原因以及找到合适的方法避免耐药性的产生,抗体作用的分子机制需要得到进一步的探究。 Rituximab(利妥昔单抗)是目前得到批准的,I型人源CD20单抗,被用于治疗B淋

在癌症治疗中,肿瘤特异性抗体至比较常用的一类药物治疗手段。抗体的效用依赖于其与体内Fc gamma 受体的相互作用。目前抗体的治疗已经被用于多种恶性肿瘤中,然而,在相当多的患者体内出现了抗体药物的耐药性症状。为了解释这一症状的内在原因以及找到合适的方法避免耐药性的产生,抗体作用的分子机制需要得到进一步的探究。

Rituximab(利妥昔单抗)是目前得到批准的,I型人源CD20单抗,被用于治疗B淋巴瘤以及滤泡细胞瘤等癌症疾病。然而,临床结果显示Rituximab在某些癌症中具有很好地疗效,而在其它类型的癌症中则没有效果;另外,即使在有效的癌症类型中,有的患者也表现出明显的耐药特征。
 
之前的研究已经发现,Rituximab通过被体内的一种叫做FcgRIIB的抑制性受体识别并结合,从而导致该抗体被内吞,从而失去杀伤活性。在最近一期cancer cell杂志上,来自英国南安普顿大学的Mark S. Cragg开发出了一类针对FcgRIIB的抗体,能够有效阻断FcgRIIB对Rituximab的内吞作用,从而促进Rituximab的肿瘤杀伤能力。
 
首先,作者利用FcgRII广谱性抗体AT-10与Rituximab联合用药,在小鼠肿瘤模型上进行实验,结果显示:AT-10能够大大提高Rituximab的肿瘤杀伤效果。由于AT-10既针对FcgRIIB也针对FcgRIIA,因此它不能用于临床治疗。作者通过噬菌体表面展示系统筛选了一系列人源的抗体,找到那些能够与FcgRIIB结合但同时不与FcgRIIA结合的抗体。最终,他们找到了一系列抗体(以5C04与6G11为代表)。Elisa检测显示,这些抗体能够特异性地与FcgRIIB结合而不与FcgRIIA结合。通过细胞水平的分析,作者证明了这些抗体只特异性识别B细胞,而非其它淋巴细胞类型。
 
由于Rituximab与FcgRIIB通过Fc端的结合导致下游ITIM的磷酸化,从而导致该受体的激活。作者通过突变的方式将筛选到的抗体Fc端变异,从而使其不能够通过Fc端的方式与FcgRIIB结合(即只保留其特异性识别的能力),研究结果显示:在这些抗体中,一部分能够导致ITIM的磷酸化提高(比如5C04),另一部分则没有该效应。作者因此选择了能够特异性结合FcgRIIB但不激活其下游信号的抗体作为阻断型抗体候选物进行下一步研究。他们将这些抗体与Rituximab共同刺激B细胞,结果显示:这些抗体中有一部分能够有效抑制Rituximab对下游ITIM的磷酸化效应,另一部分则没有该功能。之后,作者也证明了这些筛选到的抗体能够有效阻止Rituximab的内吞效应(以6G11为代表)。
 
之后,作者通过体外的实验证明:6G11能够增强Rituximab对细胞的杀伤效应,而这一效应并不依赖于其Fc端的结构。同时,作者还证明了6G11能够抑制Rituximab受FcgRIIB识别而被内吞的影响。这一结果揭示了6G11的潜在抗肿瘤的功能。
 
最后,作者通过一些列体内实验证明了6G11对Rituximab的增强作用,同时也证明了它不会引起"细胞因子风暴"等免疫异常反应。

原始出处:

Ali Roghanian1, Ingrid Teige, Linda Mårtensson, et al.Antagonistic Human FcγRIIB (CD32B) Antibodies Have Anti-Tumor Activity and Overcome Resistance to Antibody Therapy In Vivo.Cancer Cell, April 13, 2015, 27(4):473-488. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.005

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    2015-09-22 维他命
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    2015-04-15 medcardio

    措施改进

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