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Lancet:长期PM2.5空气污染增加居民自然死亡风险

2013-12-17 佚名 丁香园

现已有多项研究表明,高浓度的PM2.5、PM10的长期暴露与死亡相关。但由于常规监测数据获取率低,目前欧洲尚未有关于PM2.5长期暴露与自然死亡之间联系的相关研究。由于交通状况的不同,使得城市中不同区域间的交通相关污染物,如氮氧化物(NO2和NOx)和PM2.5吸光物(PM2.5 absorbance)的浓度空间分布差异高于颗粒物。为了探讨不同空气污染物的长时间暴露与自然死亡之间的联系,来自荷兰乌

现已有多项研究表明,高浓度的PM2.5、PM10的长期暴露与死亡相关。但由于常规监测数据获取率低,目前欧洲尚未有关于PM2.5长期暴露与自然死亡之间联系的相关研究。由于交通状况的不同,使得城市中不同区域间的交通相关污染物,如氮氧化物(NO2和NOx)和PM2.5吸光物(PM2.5 absorbance)的浓度空间分布差异高于颗粒物。为了探讨不同空气污染物的长时间暴露与自然死亡之间的联系,来自荷兰乌得勒支大学风险评估科学研究所的Beelen博士等人开展了一项针对欧洲人群多中心队列研究(ESCAPE)。该研究结果在线发表于2013年12月9日的《柳叶刀》杂志(the Lancet)。研究者发现,长期PM2.5空气污染增加居民自然死亡风险。

该研究为欧洲首个探讨长期空气污染与自然死亡的多中心队列研究。共采纳了涵盖367251例普通人口为研究对象的22份欧洲队列研究的数据进行分析。采用土地利用回归模型对居住区域空气污染物暴露情况进行评估。采用confounder模型和Cox比例风险模型进行队列分析,采用Meta分析的随机模型进行汇集效应评估。空气污染物暴露的指征包括PM2.5、PM10、PMcoarse(颗粒直径2.5—10μm)、PM2.5吸光物、和氮氧化合物的年平均浓度,距离居住区最近道路的交通密度(每日车流量)和其100米范围内主要道路的交通流量(每日车流量乘以路段长度)。

研究表明,共367251例普通人口为研究对象的总研究人群中,5118039人-年存在自然死亡风险,29076人在随访期间(平均随访时长为13.9年)自然死亡。PM2.5相关的风险比(HR)显著增高,为1·07,即使在低于欧洲年均限定浓度25 µg/m³时,和浓度低于20 µg/m³时其风险比依然升高,分别为 1·06和1·07。队列间效应评估未见差异。研究发现,即使低于欧洲年均限定浓度,长期的细颗粒物空气污染仍能增加普通人群的自然死亡风险。

原始出处:

Beelen R1, Raaschou-Nielsen O2, Stafoggia M3, Andersen ZJ4, Weinmayr G5, Hoffmann B6, Wolf K7, Samoli E8, Fischer P9, Nieuwenhuijsen M10, Vineis P11, Xun WW12, Katsouyanni K8, Dimakopoulou K8, Oudin A13, Forsberg B13, Modig L13, Havulinna AS14, Lanki T15, Turunen A15, Oftedal B16, Nystad W16, Nafstad P17, De Faire U18, Pedersen NL19, Ostenson CG20, Fratiglioni L21, Penell J18, Korek M18, Pershagen G18, Eriksen KT2, Overvad K22, Ellermann T23, Eeftens M24, Peeters PH25, Meliefste K24, Wang M24, Bueno-de-Mesquita B9, Sugiri D6, Krämer U6, Heinrich J26, de Hoogh K11, Key T27, Peters A7, Hampel R7, Concin H28, Nagel G29, Ineichen A30, Schaffner E30, Probst-Hensch N30, Künzli N30, Schindler C30, Schikowski T30, Adam M30, Phuleria H30, Vilier A31, Clavel-Chapelon F31, Declercq C32, Grioni S33, Krogh V33, Tsai MY34, Ricceri F35, Sacerdote C36, Galassi C36, Migliore E36, Ranzi A37, Cesaroni G3, Badaloni C3, Forastiere F3, Tamayo I38, Amiano P38, Dorronsoro M38, Katsoulis M39, Trichopoulou A39, Brunekreef B40, Hoek G24.Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project.Lancet. 2013 Dec 6. pii: S0140-6736(13)62158-3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62158-3. 

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