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Nat Genet:中国学者揭示金丝猴属物种高海拔适应遗传机制

2016-08-09 佚名 生物谷

金丝猴属(Rhinopithecus)属于灵长目,猴科,疣猴亚科,包括5个近缘物种:滇金丝猴(R.bieti),怒江金丝猴(R.strykeri ),川金丝猴(R. roxellana)、黔金丝猴(R. brelichia)和越南金丝猴(R. avunculus)。所有物种均被列为红色物种名录濒危物种。除了重要保护生物学价值,金丝猴属物种不仅发展出以树叶为食的特化食性,而且占据了从低海拔到高海拔的

金丝猴属(Rhinopithecus)属于灵长目,猴科,疣猴亚科,包括5个近缘物种:滇金丝猴(R.bieti),怒江金丝猴(R.strykeri ),川金丝猴(R. roxellana)、黔金丝猴(R. brelichia)和越南金丝猴(R. avunculus)。所有物种均被列为红色物种名录濒危物种。除了重要保护生物学价值,金丝猴属物种不仅发展出以树叶为食的特化食性,而且占据了从低海拔到高海拔的生境类型(800-4500m)。黔金丝猴和越南金丝猴分别生活在中国贵州和越南北部的低地山区,滇金丝猴,川金丝猴和怒江金丝猴生活在西藏和中国中部不同的高海拔区域。尤其是滇金丝猴,目前仅存于我国滇藏交界的高寒森林中,海拔高度都在4000米左右, 是除人类外世界海拔分布最高的灵长类动物。金丝猴属物种为研究动物对高海拔环境适应性进化遗传机制提供了很好的动物模型。近年来基因组学,特别是进化基因组学的发展,为系统和整体的揭示自然选择的遗传机制提供了前所未有的机会。

云南大学于黎研究员课题组,中国科学院昆明动物研究所张亚平院士课题组, 中国科学院昆明动物研究所陈勇斌课题组、芝加哥大学吴仲义教授课题组、和北京基因组所强强联合,成立联合攻关团队,对金丝猴属物种高海拔环境适应遗传机制开展研究。首先,利用二代Ilumina HiSeq2000测序平台,对一只滇金丝猴进行denovo测序,并与其他哺乳动物的比较基因组分析显示:滇金丝猴中显着扩张基因家族中的基因显着富集在DNA修复和氧化磷酸化过程。此外,对滇金丝猴和猕猴多个组织进行RNA测序和比较转录组分析显示:能量代谢相关组织(心脏和肌肉)中高表达基因富集在与氧化磷酸化和心脏肌肉收缩相关通路。

接下来,对同属的黔金丝猴,怒江金丝猴和越南金丝猴各一个个体进行全基因组重测序,并结合已经发表的川金丝猴denovo基因组,通过比较基因组学分析,在三个高海拔金丝猴物种中(滇金丝猴,怒江金丝猴和川金丝猴)发现6个基因中的8个共有氨基酸替换,与肺功能,DNA修复和血管生成相关。对其中与DNA修复相关的CDT1的紫外辐照实验表明突变型相对于野生型具有更强的稳定性。推测突变有助于金丝猴在高海拔环境中对紫外线的抵抗。对与血管生成相关的RNASE4基因检测发现突变型在诱导HUVEC细胞生成管状结构方面具有更高活性。推测突变可能增强RNASE4的血管生成能力,有助于金丝猴适应高海拔环境。最后,对滇金丝猴一个群体(20个个体)和川金丝猴三个群体(26个个体)进行基因组扫描,发现了群体之间的重叠和各群体特异的受选择基因,这些基因与DNA修复,心脏和血管发育,缺氧反应,能量代谢和血管生成相关。

本研究基于多层次研究,包括种上和群体的基因组序列分析,转录组和功能实验,发现与金丝猴物种适应高海拔环境相关的遗传机制。以非人灵长类为研究模型,为高海拔适应这一复杂性状提供一个新的和更全面的揭示。该研究结果以封面文章发表于Nature Genetics上(Yu et al. 2016. Genomic analysis of snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus) identifies genes and processes related to high-altitude adaptation, Nature Genetics, 48, 947-952)。于黎研究员,吴仲义教授和张亚平院士为论文的通讯作者。

于黎研究员简介:

云南大学博士生导师、研究员,云南大学特聘教授。是教育部新世纪优秀人才,云南省中青年学术带头人,云南省高校重点实验室主任、云南省高校科技创新团队和云南省创新团队带头人。任中国科学技术协会第九届全国委员会委员,中国动物学会兽类分会理事,中国遗传学会动物遗传专业委员会委员,云南省遗传学会常务理事和云南省细胞生物学学会常务理事和副理事长,《遗传》,《兽类学报》和《Zoological Research》杂志编委。于黎研究员长期从事珍稀濒危动物类群的起源与演变机制的分子基础研究。入选"国家万人计划"。获"中国青年五四奖章"和"中国青年女科学家奖"以及"霍英东教育基金青年教师奖"等奖项。

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    2016-12-10 zsyan
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    2017-02-04 cy0324
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    2017-05-19 canlab
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    2017-07-24 仁心济世
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