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BioNTech 计划开发一种 mRNA 疫苗来预防疟疾

2021-08-04 K.K MedSci原创

根据世界卫生组织的数据,2019年估计有2.29亿个疟疾病例,至少有40.9万人死亡。大多数病例发生在非洲,5岁以下儿童是受该疾病影响的最脆弱群体。

近日,据CNBC报道,德国制药商BioNTech7月26日宣布,它计划开发一种mRNA的疫苗来预防疟疾,疟疾是经按蚊叮咬或输入带疟原虫者的血液而感染疟原虫所引起的虫媒传染病,它是一种由寄生虫引起的致命疾病。根据世界卫生组织的数据,2019年估计有2.29亿个疟疾病例,至少有40.9万人死亡。大多数病例发生在非洲,5岁以下儿童是受该疾病影响的最脆弱群体。BioNTech计划在2022年底前开始测试这种疫苗的临床试验。

早在一个多月前,美国多家研究机构与 Acuitas Therapeutics 合作,于2021年6月18日在 Nature 旗下期刊 npj Vaccines 发表了题为:Messenger RNA expressing PfCSP induces functional, protective immune responses against malaria in mice 的研究论文。该研究便开发了一种基于 mRNA 技术的新型疫苗,可在小鼠模型中预防疟疾。与之前的疟疾疫苗一样,此款mRNA疫苗同样通过恶性疟原虫的环子孢子蛋白(pfCSP)来引发免疫反应,这是疟原虫侵袭阶段的免疫显性外壳蛋白。研究团队使用纳米脂质颗粒(LNP)包裹环子孢子蛋白(pfCSP)的mRNA,以防止其过早降解。递送进体内后,mRNA在细胞内编码环子孢子蛋白质,这些蛋白随后触发身体针对疟疾的保护性反应。

 

Mallory, K.L., Taylor, J.A., Zou, X. et al. Messenger RNA expressing PfCSP induces functional, protective immune responses against malaria in mice. npj Vaccines 6, 84 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00345-0.

试验结果表明,接种该mRNA疫苗后的小鼠能够有效抵抗疟疾感染,表明该mRNA疟疾疫苗实现了对疟疾感染的高水平保护。这也为基于mRNA技术平台的疟疾疫苗研发奠定了基础。

BioNTech曾与美国辉瑞公司合作开发了新冠疫苗,该公司说,世界卫生组织、欧盟委员会和其他组织已经参与了新疫苗的早期规划阶段,并为基础设施提供了支持。

根据约翰-霍普金斯大学的数据,新的疟疾疫苗的开发是在应对新冠大流行之际进行的,新冠病毒于2020年初在全球蔓延,已造成超425万人死亡。辉瑞公司和BioNTech公司迅速开发了一种高效的mRNA的疫苗,以针对该病毒。它已在美国等多几个国家使用,并正在帮助减少感染和死亡人数。

mRNA疫苗技术已经开发了多年,但辉瑞公司和Moderna公司的新冠疫苗是mRNA首次被批准用于人类。据说它比传统疫苗更容易生产,传统疫苗通常使用灭活病毒来使人类产生免疫反应。由于mRNA新冠疫苗的成功,其他制药商正在利用该技术开发新的疫苗。如辉瑞已表示它正在开发一种mRNA流感疫苗。根据美国疾病控制和预防中心声称,接种流感疫苗可以将流感病毒的患病风险降低40%~60%。流感病毒总是在变化,在前一个季节常见的毒株在下一个季节可能就不那么流行了。科学家们必须不断监测毒株,并选择将毒株纳入每年的流感疫苗中。但由于mRNA技术的灵活性,科学家们可以迅速调整流感疫苗以匹配更重要的毒株。

参考资料:

1.https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/26/biontech-says-it-plans-to-develop-an-mrna-vaccine-to-prevent-malaria.html

2.https://m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=1dd92130189d

3.Mallory, K.L., Taylor, J.A., Zou, X. et al. Messenger RNA expressing PfCSP induces functional, protective immune responses against malaria in mice. npj Vaccines 6, 84 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00345-0.

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    2022-07-16 shock_melon
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    2021-09-12 sunylz
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    2021-08-04 smart Ren

    认真学习

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