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Sci Rep:武汉病毒所鄢慧民:10年坚持,我们完成了抗龋疫苗的二代优化

2017-10-07 佚名 生物探索

龋齿,也就是大家通常说的蛀牙,其“折磨程度”是很多人不愿多提的痛点。9月11日,中国科学院武汉病毒研究所鄢慧民研究员课题组在Nature子刊《Scientific Reports》上发表最新研究成果——第二代重组融合蛋白抗龋疫苗,有望打破空白,成为预防蛀牙新利器。那么,这种疫苗有何神奇之处?来看生物探索对鄢慧民专访。

医学上将一种由细菌感染引起的慢性进展性损伤牙齿牙釉质乃至牙本质的口腔疾病称为龋病或龋齿,严重时甚至会造成牙齿丧失。对此,科学家们希望能够研发出“抗龋疫苗”,实现一劳永逸式的主动预防

武汉病毒研究所走到了这一梯队的世界前列。该研究所鄢慧民带领团队开发出最新的第二代重组蛋白抗龋疫苗,能够以更安全、更有效、更经济、更简便的方式预防和控制龋齿。“这是一项历时10年的项目,背后是整个研究团队坚持不懈的努力”,鄢慧民这样说。

1

抗龋疫苗让预防从被动变主动

专访一开始,鄢慧民先给我们分析了传统预防龋齿的主要方式,以及抗龋疫苗带来的不同之处。

已有研究表明,变形链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)是造成这一细菌性疾病的主要病原菌,由它代谢产生的乳酸会让牙釉质脱钙,从而损伤牙齿和牙髓,最终导致病变。

通常,我们对龋齿的预防多依赖于“维持口腔卫生”“少吃甜食”等传统经验型方式,例如采用氟化物增强牙矿化并抑制致龋菌防龋、日常刷牙清除口腔食物残渣和牙表面致龋菌、减少口腔残留糖量以便控制致龋菌糖代谢产酸量等等。

“这些方式属于化学或物理方式,都有一定程度的防龋作用,但是属于被动预防,效果并不稳定且不能一劳永逸。” 鄢慧民解释道,“抗龋疫苗则是通过调动机体的免疫系统,特异控制口腔致龋菌的数量及其在牙齿表面的定植,最终实现主动预防。”

2

调动免疫系统:IgA抗体是关键

那么,抗龋疫苗又是怎样起作用的呢?

免疫学研究早已证明,机体主要的防龋效应因子,是口腔唾液中特异的IgA抗体。所以,抗龋疫苗的预防思路很简单:通过疫苗接种激发足够的特异IgA抗体!

实现这一思路的关键在于诱导包括变形链球菌纤维样表面黏附素(PAc)、糖基转移酶(GTF)、葡聚糖结合蛋白(GBP)在内的抗原靶标特异的口腔黏膜IgA应答。

但是,大多数在研的疫苗在常规剂量下难以诱导机体产生足够强的唾液IgA应答,且成本高昂,安全性和有效性均难以控制。迄今为止,国内外尚未有抗龋齿疫苗上市!

3

从一代到二代:10年积淀有望打破空白

2006年,鄢慧民研究员加入武汉病毒研究所,建立黏膜免疫学科组。他带领课题组长期从事黏膜IgA功能的研究,对黏膜IgA抗体的特性、产生及作用机制等有比较深入的了解。谈及抗龋疫苗的研发历程,鄢慧民坦言:“我们经历了整整十年的努力。”

第一阶段,研制免疫佐剂

在这一阶段,研究团队选择了一种细菌来源的蛋白——细菌鞭毛素蛋白(flagellin)作为辅助增强刺激产生IgA抗体的黏膜佐剂,并借助基因工程技术重组改造、优化鞭毛素蛋白,最终筛选到多种具有独特效能、可作为优良黏膜佐剂的蛋白分子。

第二阶段,将适当的免疫佐剂应用于抗龋疫苗

经过前期的摸索和积淀,研究团队将鞭毛素蛋白佐剂应用于龋齿疫苗,进行重组PAc (rPAc)为免疫原的融合蛋白KF-rPAc的设计和免疫策略研究。2015年,他们成功研发出具有高效防龋、抑龋效果的第一代抗龋疫苗(KF-rPAc),相关研究成果发表于口腔医学领域权威专业杂志《牙科研究杂志》(Journal of Dental Research)。

2017年,团队又完成了一次突破:在第一代的基础之上又研制出更有效的第二代抗龋疫苗(KFD2-rPAc),它大大减少了鞭毛素蛋白本身的免疫原性和与TLR5相关的炎症反应,在成本、工艺、安全上更占优势,更适合进行临床研究和应用。

更有意思的是,抗龋疫苗属于黏膜疫苗,即“无针疫苗”(needle-free)。它可以通过鼻内黏膜无创滴注或直接喷雾,甚至可以自行接种,既安全又方便。

鄢慧民认为,相比于传统的注射接种型疫苗,黏膜疫苗研发面临的挑战包括技术的革新和改进、疫苗应用观念的改变。

4

科研不以成功定论:有意义很重要

鄢慧民团队研发的抗龋疫苗已获得中国知识产权局和美国商标专利局的专利授权,具有独立知识产权。专访中,鄢慧民告诉我们,下一步,将计划开展疫苗的临床前研究,推进临床实验申报,力争疫苗早日在临床上“一展身手”。

“平淡造就非凡”——无论多优秀的科学家,在整个研究生涯,或者探索未知科学世界的过程中,都会面临枯燥、重复、失败等科研常态。耀眼学术成果的背后,更多的是一份努力和坚持。

在鄢慧民的心里,科研是一种职业,而且是一种专业要求相对较高的职业。他认为,“科学研究的成功并没有定论!大大小小的科学发现和发明都是成功,都是对人类探索认识自然、认识自我有所贡献的。”

他这样总结道:“我们需要尽力完成职业生涯中应该完成的事。于我而言,即做一些有科学意义的研究以及可能应用的新尝试。”

关于鄢慧民

中国科学院武汉病毒研究所病毒学国家重点实验室研究员、病毒病理研究中心主任、黏膜免疫学科组组长。先后主持或承担过国家自然科学基金、传染病国家重大专项、国家重点研发计划、中德合作基金等课题。主要研究结果发表在Journal of Virology,Journal of Dental Research等专业杂志,并获得国内国际授权专利6项。

原始出处:

Jingyi Yang, Ying Sun, Rong Bao, et al. Second-generation Flagellin-rPAc Fusion Protein, KFD2-rPAc, Shows High Protective Efficacy against Dental Caries with Low Potential Side Effects. Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 11191 (2017). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10247-8

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    2017-10-07 137****9095

    henhao

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814400, encodeId=ce3b1814400e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d8a395429a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鄢慧民#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95429, encryptionId=d8a395429a0, topicName=鄢慧民)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=80ca273, createdName=fanweitanzhen, createdTime=Mon May 14 15:54:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1620412, encodeId=9cbc162041216, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=919f6333047' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#武汉病毒所#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63330, encryptionId=919f6333047, topicName=武汉病毒所)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Mon Oct 09 01:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251145, encodeId=3ae8251145f0, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Sat Oct 07 15:27:06 CST 2017, time=2017-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251126, encodeId=9a78251126cd, content=学习了.好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 07 15:01:39 CST 2017, time=2017-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251101, encodeId=a827251101cc, content=医学上将一种由细菌感染引起的慢性进展性损伤牙齿牙釉质乃至牙本质的口腔疾病称为龋病或龋齿.严重时甚至会造成牙齿丧失.对此.科学家们希望能够研发出[抗龋疫苗".实现一劳永逸式的主动预防., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Sat Oct 07 12:48:26 CST 2017, time=2017-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-07 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.好文章

    0

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    2017-10-07 有备才能无患

    医学上将一种由细菌感染引起的慢性进展性损伤牙齿牙釉质乃至牙本质的口腔疾病称为龋病或龋齿.严重时甚至会造成牙齿丧失.对此.科学家们希望能够研发出[抗龋疫苗".实现一劳永逸式的主动预防.

    0

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