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Lung Cancer:亚洲人群分析!PD-L1高表达提示EGFR突变肺腺癌对EGFR-TKI的原发耐药!

2019-02-11 肿瘤资讯 肿瘤资讯

与含铂化疗相比,表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的治疗中显示更好的应答率和较少的不良反应。但是5%~10%的敏感EGFR突变患者对EGFR-TKI治疗会产生原发性耐药,目前耐药机制尚不清楚。近日,一项来自中国台湾的回顾性研究评估了对EGFR-TKI治疗产生原发耐药的EGFR突变肺腺癌患者的PD-L1表达水平,研究结果刊登在Lung Cancer杂志上

与含铂化疗相比,表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)在非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)的治疗中显示更好的应答率和较少的不良反应。但是5%~10%的敏感EGFR突变患者对EGFR-TKI治疗会产生原发性耐药,目前耐药机制尚不清楚。近日,一项来自中国台湾的回顾性研究评估了对EGFR-TKI治疗产生原发耐药的EGFR突变肺腺癌患者的PD-L1表达水平,研究结果刊登在Lung Cancer杂志上。 

研究背景

肺癌是全世界癌症相关死亡的主要原因。根据分子生物学检测结果和组织学类型,肺癌的治疗越来越趋向个体化。EGFR突变是肺癌中最常见的驱动基因,在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中,约10%的白种人和50%以上的亚洲人可以发现敏感EGFR突变。之前的临床试验显示,与含铂化疗相比, EGFR-TKI显示更好的应答率和较少的不良反应,中位无进展生存期(PFS)为9.2~13.1个月,目前的一项研究显示,第三代EGFR-TKI相比于第一代EGFR-TKI的PFS更长(18.9个月 vs. 10.2个月,P<0.001)。

虽然大多数EGFR突变NSCLC患者对EGFR-TKI有阳性应答,但5%~10%的敏感EGFR突变患者使用EGFR-TKI没有达到疾病控制,称之为原发性耐药,其耐药机制尚不清楚。

目前的研究显示,EGFR突变NSCLC患者对PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂的应答较低,并且也不能改善患者的总生存期。而PD-L1表达水平是免疫检查点抑制剂的预测性生物标志物之一。Soo等的汇总分析结果显示,与EGFR野生型患者相比,EGFR突变NSCLC患者的PD-L1阳性率较低。 

研究者为评估对EGFR-TKI原发耐药的未经治EGFR突变肺腺癌患者的PD-L1表达水平,比较了不应答患者和疾病控制患者的PD-L1表达水平和临床特征的差异。

研究方法

这是一项来自中国台湾台中荣民总医院(TCVGH)的回顾性、单中心观察性研究。研究纳入2012—2017年期间的肺癌患者。入组标准为:组织学和细胞学确诊为肺腺癌;Ⅲb~Ⅳ期,依据美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)第7版分期系统;EGFR敏感突变;未经EGFR-TKI治疗;有足够的样本量评估PD-L1表达水平。排除EGFR-T790M突变和外显子20插入突变。

研究评估每例患者对EGFR-TKI的应答情况。原发性耐药定义为,接受EGFR-TKI治疗后疾病进展的患者(未达到杰克曼等建议的获得性耐药的定义)。对EGFR-TKI产生原发性耐药的患者作为原发性耐药组,对EGFR-TKI治疗后疾病稳定和部分缓解的患者作为对照组。收集人口统计学信息和临床特征,包括年龄、性别、吸烟情况、基线EGFR突变情况、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)等。

研究结果

共有123例诊断为EGFR突变的晚期肺腺癌患者纳入分析。原发性耐药组66例,对照组57例。在对照组中,9例患者对EGFR-TKI治疗产生疾病稳定,48例患者对EGFR-TKI治疗产生部分缓解。原发性耐药组和对照组分别有34例(51.5%)和28例(49.1%)患者的年龄大于65岁。两组分别有32例(48.5%)和26例(45.6%)患者为男性。两组中分别有46例(69.7%)和35例(61.4%)为不吸烟者。

原发性耐药组和对照组分别有23例(34.8%)和24例(42.1%)患者存在外显子19缺失突变。原发性耐药组和对照组分别有38例(57.6%)和27例(47.4%)患者存在21外显子 EGFR L858R点突变,两组中分别有32例(48.5%)和24例(42.1%)患者接受了吉非替尼治疗,分别有29例(43.9%)和25例(43.9%)患者接受了厄洛替尼治疗,分别有5例(7.6%)和8例(14.0%)患者接受了阿法替尼治疗。

原发耐药组和对照组分别有15例(22.7%)和1例(1.8%)患者的PD-L1肿瘤比例评分(TPS)≥50%,分别有20例(30.3%)和2例(3.5%)患者的PD-L1 TPS≥25%,分别有30例(45.5%)和7例(12.3%)患者的PD-L1 TPS≥1%(图1)。                   



图1.两组患者的PD-L1表达分布图

在单变量分析中,两组在年龄、性别、吸烟状态、基线EGFR突变或EGFR-TKI治疗类型上没有显著差异。最重要的是,无论是临界值1%(P<0.001)、25%(P <0.001)还是50%(P=0.001),原发性耐药组患者的PD-L1表达水平均明显高于对照组。

表1.患者特征和人口统计学数据



PD-L1表达和原发性耐药频率的相关性 

与PD-L1<1%的患者相比,PD-L1≥1%患者对EGFR-TKI治疗产生原发性耐药发生率更高(95% CI,2.35~15.05;P<0.001)(表2)。PD-L1≥25%的患者对EGFR-TKI治疗的原发性耐药率高于PD-L1<25%的患者(95%CI,2.65~53.87;P=0.001)。与PD-L1<50%的患者相比,PD-L1≥50%的患者发生原发性耐药的概率更大(95%CI,2.10~129.16;P=0.008)。多变量分析显示,上述结果仍然具有显著统计学差异。

表2.PD-L1表达水平和原发性耐药的相关性



两组患者PFS和OS

原发性耐药组和对照组的中位PFS分别为1.9个月和16.7个月(图2A)。两组患者的中位OS分别为10.1个月和47个月(图2B)。在单变量分析和多变量分析中,两组患者PFS的危险比(HR)分别为51.27(95%CI,19.55~134.47;P<0.001)和51.44(95%CI,19.48~135.83;P<0.001)。在单变量分析和多变量分析中,两组患者OS的HR分别为6.84(95%CI,3.44~13.57;P<0.001)和7.75(95%CI,3.73~16.09;P<0.001)。



图2.两组患者的PFS和OS分析图

PD-L1表达和PFS、OS的相关性

在PD-L1<1%和PD-L1≥1%的患者中,中位OS分别为38.2个月和11.2个月(P=0.002)。

在PD-L1<25%和PD-L1≥25%的患者中,中位OS分别为38.2个月和10.1个月(P=0.003)。PD-L1<50%和PD-L1≥50%的患者的中位OS分别为38.2个月和10.1个月(P=0.001)。

在PD-L1<1%和PD-L1≥1%的患者中,中位PFS分别为7.3个月和2.1个月(P< 0.001)。在PD-L1<25%和PD-L1≥25%的患者中,中位PFS分别为6.6个月和1.8个月(P<0.001)。PD-L1<50%和PD-L1≥50%的患者的中位PFS分别为4.9个月和1.6个月(P<0.001)



图3.PD-L1表达与PFS、OS的相关性分析

讨论和结论

这是探讨PD-L1表达水平和EGFR-TKI原发性耐药相关性的首个研究,讨论了PD-L1表达水平和EGFR-TKI原发性耐药的相关性。研究显示,与对照组相比,原发性耐药组中敏感EGFR突变肺腺癌患者的PD-L1表达水平较高。在原发性耐药组中,22.7%的患者表现出PD-L1高表达(TPS≥50%),而对照组中仅有1例患者。

该研究显示,在未经治的敏感EGFR突变肺腺癌患者中,较高水平的PD-L1表达与对EGFR-TKI治疗的原发性耐药率较高相关。本研究中,有16例患者PD-L1≥50%,其中15例患者对EGFR-TKI治疗产生原发性耐药,剩余1例患者对EGFR-TKI治疗产生部分缓解,但PFS仅为4.4个月。临床上,当需要治疗EGFR突变、PD-L1阳性晚期肺腺癌患者时,应考虑除EGFR-TKI以外的其他治疗方案。 

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    2019-02-13 smartjoy
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    2019-02-13 lsj628
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