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Hypertension:糖尿病肌酐升高是否停药ACEI?研究结果来了

2019-02-28 常路 环球医学

对于心血管和肾脏高风险人群,如2型糖尿病患者,对于心血管和肾脏不良结局的高风险人群,包括2型糖尿病患者,是治疗的重要组成部分。开始血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗后,如果血清肌酐急性增加≥30%,则建议停用ACEI。然而,血清肌酐增加后,继续或停用ACEI对主要临床结局的长期影响是好是坏,尚是未知。2019年1月,发表在《Hypertension》的一项研究对此进行分析。

对于血管和肾脏高风险人群,如2型糖尿病患者,对于血管和肾脏不良结局的高风险人群,包括2型糖尿病患者,是治疗的重要组成部分。开始血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗后,如果血清肌酐急性增加≥30%,则建议停用ACEI。然而,血清肌酐增加后,继续或停用ACEI对主要临床结局的长期影响是好是坏,尚是未知。2019年1月,发表在《Hypertension》的一项研究对此进行分析。

血清肌酐急增后停用ACEI 有人支持有人反对

保护2型糖尿病患者的心肾功能,是重要的治疗目标。ACEI是被公认的有效保护心肾的药物,是心脏和肾脏高风险人群治疗的重要组成部分,如2型糖尿病患者。然而,由于RAS抑制可诱导肾小球内压下降,RAS抑制治疗也会导致血清肌酐的急性增加或肾小球滤过率的突然下降。如果患者血清肌酐增加≥30%,则建议停用ACEI。

然而,因血清肌酐升高而停用ACEI,失去ACEI的潜在心血管和肾脏保护作用,可能会对随后的心血管和肾脏风险产生重要影响。

当前,评估RAS抑制诱导的血清肌酐急性改变与长期临床结局之间相关性的研究很少,且研究结果相互矛盾,另外许多研究都在特定人群中进行,如左室收缩功能障碍和心衰患者,难以外推到更广泛的心血管高风险人群。

早期的一些小规模研究,认为使用RAS抑制后血清肌酐急剧增加或肾功能下降为长期肾脏获益的预测因素。但近期研究指出,血清肌酐或估计肾小球滤过率的初期有变化,可增加不良心血管和肾脏事件。因此,亟待阐明RAS抑制后血清肌酐急剧增加或肾功能下降,停用ACEI是否为正确的决策。

新研究结果:虽血清肌酐急性增加 继续ACEI获益大于风险?

为此,澳大利亚的学者发表在《Hypertension》的研究,调查了开始ACEI治疗后血清肌酐急性增加的情况,以及其对2型糖尿病主要临床结局的影响。

在ADVANCE研究中,11140名糖尿病患者在6周的导入期后,随机分配到培哚普利-吲达帕胺或安慰剂组中。

本研究纳入了11066名参与者,这些参与者在导入期前和期间(间隔3周)记录了2次血清肌酐测量值。依据这2次测定的肌酐急性增加,分为4组:血清肌酐增加<10%、10%~19%、20%~29%、≥30%。

首要研究结局为主要大血管事件、肾病新发或恶化、全因死亡率组成的复合结局。

研究结果发现,血清肌酐急性增加会增加主要结局风险(P<0.001)。与肌酐增加<10%相比,增加10%~19%、20%~29%、≥30%的风险比分别为1.11、1.34和1.44。

然而,对于急性血清肌酐增加所定义的各亚组,无证据显示随机治疗结局的获益具有异质性(异质性P=0.94)。

因此,作者认为,开始培哚普利-吲达帕胺治疗后,血清肌酐急性增加与随后主要临床结局风险较高相关。然而,继续基于ACEI的治疗会降低主要临床结局的长期风险,无论肌酐急性增加与否。

ACEI治疗后血清肌酐急性增加 停药需谨慎!

一般来说,2型糖尿病患者的心血管病风险高,肾脏也更容易“受伤”,患者在选择降糖药物时应考虑多种因素,在注重降糖有效性的同时需兼顾心血管安全性和肾脏的安全。

该研究结果显示,患有2型糖尿病的患者,虽然ACEI治疗初期血清肌酐短期急性增加超过30%会增加不良预后风险,但这些患者继续治疗仍可能有益,长期临床结局风险降低。

这就提醒临床医生,对于2型糖尿病开始ACEI治疗后血清肌酐急性增加患者,停药要谨慎!其是否适用于更广泛人群,依然是未知数。

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    2020-01-20 shanyongle
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    2019-06-28 feather89
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    2019-03-02 俅侠
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    2019-03-02 yinhl1980
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    2019-02-28 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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