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《Cell Stem Cell》公布年度更佳论文 多篇中国学者成果上榜

2017-08-28 万纹 生物通

近期《Cell Stem Cell》公布了2016年度最佳论文,其中包括两篇综述,九篇研究论文。在研究论文中,有多篇关于寨卡病毒,以及CRISPR技术研究成果。

近期《Cell Stem Cell》公布了2016年度最佳论文,其中包括两篇综述,九篇研究论文。在研究论文中,有多篇关于寨卡病毒,以及CRISPR技术研究成果。

在研究论文中,有多篇关于寨卡病毒,以及CRISPR技术研究成果,比如“CRISPR Interference Efficiently Induces Specific and Reversible Gene Silencing in Human iPSCs”,就是第一次采用CRISPR-Cas9系统的变种技术,改变了读取诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)基因组的方式。这是在构建遗传病细胞模型上取得的一个重大技术进步。

另外也有多项中国学者的成果,比如“Zika Virus Disrupts Neural Progenitor Development and Leads to Microcephaly in Mice”是由中国科学院与军事医学科学院合作完成的一项研究。研究人员建立了寨卡病毒小头畸形动物模型,并在全球首次证实寨卡病毒感染能够直接导致小头畸形的发生,该成果也为进一步研究寨卡病毒的致病机制和治疗研究打下了理论基础。

许执恒团队与授秦成峰团队合作在哺乳动物小鼠中发现,寨卡病毒可以在胚胎脑中快速复制并感染神经干细胞,造成神经干细胞的增殖与分化异常,以及神经元的大量死亡,最终导致大脑皮层变薄以及小头畸形。研究人员通过全基因组表达谱分析,发现大量与免疫、小头畸形、寨卡病毒的潜在受体及细胞凋亡相关的基因出现了明显异常。这是科学家首次拿到直接的证据,证明寨卡病毒和小头畸形的关系。研究人员不但采用国际上类似研究将病毒注入怀孕母鼠腹腔的做法,而且进一步选择使用纤维针穿过孕鼠子宫,直接将病毒精确注入胚胎鼠直径不到1毫米的脑腔中。

“Complete Meiosis from Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Germ Cells In Vitro”则是由中科院动物研究所、中国科技大学等处的研究人员完成,他们首先诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞产生功能性的精子样细胞(sperm-like cells),然后将这种精子样细胞注入小鼠卵细胞中产生能生育的小鼠后代。

在体外重现生殖细胞发育一直是生殖生物学和生殖医学领域的一个中心目标。这项研究建立了一种稳健的和循序渐进的方法,利用该方法可在盘碟中重现功能性精子样细胞形成。这一方法完全符合由一个生殖生物学家共识小组最近提出的金标准,所以具有巨大的希望用于治疗男性不育症。

具体来说,研究人员开发出一种基于干细胞的方法,利用这种方法可以完全重现减数分裂,以及产生功能性的精子样细胞。该方法的第一步就是让小鼠胚胎干细胞(ESCs)接触一种由GSK3抑制剂、MEK抑制剂和白血病抑制因子(LIF)组成的化学混合物,从而将ESCs诱导为原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells)。接下来,研究人员模拟这些原始生殖细胞的天然组织环境:让这些细胞接触睾丸细胞和诸如睾酮之类的性激素。

在这些生物相关的条件下,这些由ESCs产生的原始生殖细胞经历完整的减数分裂,产生具有正确细胞核DNA和染色体含量的精子样细胞。为了进一步提供符合减数分裂金标准的证据,研究人员将这些精子样细胞注射进小鼠卵细胞中,将形成的胚胎植入雌性小鼠体内。引人注目的是,这些胚胎发育正常,产生健康的有生育力的后代,而且这些后代也能繁殖下一代。

在“Zika Virus Infects Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates Their Growth”中,明国丽等人发现实验室培养的人神经祖细胞能够被寨卡病毒毒株感染和杀死,这首次提示着孕妇感染寨卡病毒如何可能导致她们的婴儿患上头小畸型(microcephaly),即一种大脑和头颅不能按照正常速度生长的神经疾病。

鉴于人们一般是被蚊子携带的寨卡病毒感染,研究人员将病毒在蚊子细胞中培养几天,然后再用它们感染人类神经细胞。研究显示,大脑皮层的神经前体细胞被感染之后成为了寨卡病毒繁殖的天堂,病毒颗粒在短短三天内就扩散到了整个培养皿的干细胞。而且研究人员没有发现细胞启动抗病毒应答,还不清楚病毒是否会被清除出去。这项研究告诉我们,寨卡病毒可能对大脑皮层的破坏最大。这只是第一步,还有很多工作要做,寨卡病毒还有许多问题有待解答,比如为何成年感染者症状轻微,病毒又是如何进入胎儿神经系统的。

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    2018-06-20 维他命
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    2017-08-29 lyh994

    精子样细胞注射进小鼠卵细胞中.胚胎植入雌性小鼠体内.发育正常.产生健康的有生育力的后代.能繁殖下一代.

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