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WHO全新数据显示:全球超7亿女性被暴力侵害,疫情下家暴事件激增

2021-04-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

零容忍!

据世界卫生组织(WHO)最新数据显示,女性一生当中,三分之一的女性(约7.36亿)遭受亲密伴侣的身体或心理暴力,或来自非伴侣的性暴力。而在过去10年中,这一数字基本保持不变。这种暴力行为开始得很早:在15-24岁年轻女性中,每4名女性就有1名人经历过亲密伴侣的暴力行为。然而,这些数据也只是被报告出来的冰山一角,真实的数据可能要高的多。

endvawnow.org

随着新冠在全球大流行,让暴力侵害事件越演愈烈。据联合国人口基金UNFPA)估计,6个月的封锁,与暴力的伴侣或家庭成员一起居家隔离。可能会导致额外的3100万起暴力侵害妇女和女孩的案件。

而在中国,女性遭受暴力侵害的悲剧每天都在上演。与美国相比,中国人口基数更大,暴力侵害造成的社会负担也更为巨大。据全国妇联公布的2016年《中国家暴现状》调查表明,中国2.7亿个家庭中大约有30%存在暴力侵害,平均每7.4秒就会有一位女性受到丈夫的殴打。而最高人民法院2019年发布的离婚纠纷司法大数据专题报告显示,因家庭暴力向法院申请解除婚姻关系占比14.86%,位列离婚原因的第二位。其中,91.43%为男性对女性实施家暴,以殴打、辱骂为主要方式。

感情生活背后,暴力侵害行为通常以身体、性和心理暴力的方式表现出来,具体包括:

亲密伴侣暴力(殴打、心理虐待、婚内强奸、杀害女性);

暴力和性骚扰(强奸、强迫性行为、不受欢迎的性挑逗、儿童性虐待、强迫婚姻、街头骚扰、跟踪、网络骚扰);

人口贩运(奴役、性剥削);

切割女性生殖器;

童婚;

多数亲密伴侣暴力侵害行为不是随机或毫无征兆的,而是伴随着各种各样的原因,比如不断积压的矛盾,目睹暴力,以及教育水平低下等,而性别不平等和暴力侵害行为是根本原因。

亲密伴侣风险因素包括:

较低的教育水平(性暴力的发生和性暴力的经历);

有遭受儿童虐待的经历(犯罪和经历);

目睹家庭暴力(犯罪行为和经历);

反社会人格障碍(犯罪);

有害使用酒精(犯罪和经验); 

有害的男性行为,包括纵容暴力(犯罪)的多个伴侣或态度;

特权或赋予男性较高地位而女性较低地位的社区规范; 

妇女获得有偿就业的机会低;和

性别平等程度低(歧视性法律等)。

与亲密伴侣的暴力行为特别相关的因素包括:

接触暴力的历史;

婚姻不和和不满;

合作伙伴之间沟通困难;和

男性对伴侣的控制行为。

与性暴力行为特别相关的因素包括:

对家庭荣誉和性纯洁的信仰;

男性性权利意识形态;

对性暴力行为的法律制裁薄弱。

各种形式的暴力侵害行为都会对女性健康和幸福度产生影响。女性除了受到身体伤害外,也更容易患上抑郁症、焦虑症、性传播疾病等,还会意外怀孕。这对整个社会也会产生影响,并带来巨大的负面影响。发表在psychosocial intervention杂志的一项研究显示,研究人员主要分析报告在警察局刑事投诉并且司法判决均确认身体和心理虐待的受害女性。

Df(49). MV = 亲密伴侣暴力的受害者(IPV-Vs)组的平均值;MNS =测试值,标准样品平均值。抑郁和强迫症为53%,焦虑症为48%,人际交往敏感性为45%,恐惧症为44%,偏执观念为43%,精神病为38%,敌对程度为20http://dx.doi.org/10.5093/pi2018a23.

结果显示,遭受身体和心理虐待可能导致受害者临床症状增加,比如烦躁不安的经历、沮丧、快感不足、绝望、精神不振、自我毁灭的思想、其他抑郁状态的认知和躯体现象以及强迫症。

当然,暴力侵害还会对受害者造成许多其他负面健康后果。这些包括一系列影响心脏,消化,生殖,肌肉和骨骼以及神经系统等疾病,严重可导致死亡。来自美国犯罪报告的数据表明,大约五分之一的凶杀受害者被亲密伴侣杀死。报告还发现,超过一半的女性凶杀受害者是由现任或前任男性亲密伴侣杀死。

面对暴力侵害我们应坚决反对!勇敢说不!用法律捍卫自己的权益与尊严。202131日,《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》已正式实施五周年。

中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c10134/201512/a0381e5e6b894620870382f8423a378e.shtml

《反家庭暴力法》第二十三条规定,当事人因遭受家庭暴力或者面临家庭暴力的现实危险,向人民法院申请人身安全保护令的,人民法院应当受理。受害方作为申请人可向其或者被申请人的居住地、家庭暴力发生地的基层人民法院申请人身安全保护令。人民法院受理申请后,应当在七十二小时内作出人身安全保护令或者驳回申请;情况紧急的,应当在二十四小时内作出。

 

在遇到暴力侵害时,可以拨打“110”报警或“12338”妇女维权热线寻求帮助。报警的同时记得向警方索取《报警回执》,配合警察做好相关笔录。另外,及时申请伤情鉴定。也可以向周围朋友、亲戚、邻居或者村(居)委会、街道办事处、妇联组织或所在其单位进行投诉、反映或者求助。

如果您身处其他国家/地区,可参考一下求救方式,如果您所在的国家/地区没有帮助专线,可以向人权事务高级专员办事处对妇女的暴力行为特别报告员提交一份保密的个人投诉表,电子邮件发送至Emergency-action@ohchr.org即可

尽管反暴力一直在路上,仍然在需要更多的社会关注和法律支持,以避免类似悲剧发生。正如世卫组织总干事特德罗斯·阿达诺姆·盖布雷耶苏斯(Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus)所说,COVID-19不同的是,暴力侵害女性行为不能用疫苗来阻止。我们只能在政府、社区和个人的不断努力下,来捍卫女性的权益与尊严,同时培养出健康和相互尊重的关系。

参考来源:

1https://www.who.int/news/item/09-03-2021-devastatingly-pervasive-1-in-3-women-globally-experience-violence

2https://www.endvawnow.org/en/need-help

3http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c10134/201512/a0381e5e6b894620870382f8423a378e.shtml

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764273, encodeId=2ddf1e64273e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=967b66e9727' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激增#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66797, encryptionId=967b66e9727, topicName=激增)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=faa237702659, createdName=ms1756883563247400, createdTime=Fri Apr 09 03:09:06 CST 2021, time=2021-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966747, encodeId=e51e966e47e7, content=写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c6a51476719, createdName=titiwangsunny, createdTime=Wed May 19 08:31:46 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947705, encodeId=a94994e705dc, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c45a5328013, createdName=148c2656m75暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 17:31:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947698, encodeId=f50194e6986f, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:36:02 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947692, encodeId=199294e69216, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:07:10 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-05-19 titiwangsunny

    写得很好

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764273, encodeId=2ddf1e64273e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=967b66e9727' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激增#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66797, encryptionId=967b66e9727, topicName=激增)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=faa237702659, createdName=ms1756883563247400, createdTime=Fri Apr 09 03:09:06 CST 2021, time=2021-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966747, encodeId=e51e966e47e7, content=写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c6a51476719, createdName=titiwangsunny, createdTime=Wed May 19 08:31:46 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947705, encodeId=a94994e705dc, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c45a5328013, createdName=148c2656m75暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 17:31:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947698, encodeId=f50194e6986f, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:36:02 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947692, encodeId=199294e69216, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:07:10 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-12 148c2656m75暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764273, encodeId=2ddf1e64273e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=967b66e9727' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激增#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66797, encryptionId=967b66e9727, topicName=激增)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=faa237702659, createdName=ms1756883563247400, createdTime=Fri Apr 09 03:09:06 CST 2021, time=2021-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966747, encodeId=e51e966e47e7, content=写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c6a51476719, createdName=titiwangsunny, createdTime=Wed May 19 08:31:46 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947705, encodeId=a94994e705dc, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c45a5328013, createdName=148c2656m75暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 17:31:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947698, encodeId=f50194e6986f, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:36:02 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947692, encodeId=199294e69216, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:07:10 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-12 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764273, encodeId=2ddf1e64273e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=967b66e9727' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激增#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66797, encryptionId=967b66e9727, topicName=激增)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=faa237702659, createdName=ms1756883563247400, createdTime=Fri Apr 09 03:09:06 CST 2021, time=2021-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966747, encodeId=e51e966e47e7, content=写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c6a51476719, createdName=titiwangsunny, createdTime=Wed May 19 08:31:46 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947705, encodeId=a94994e705dc, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c45a5328013, createdName=148c2656m75暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 17:31:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947698, encodeId=f50194e6986f, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:36:02 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947692, encodeId=199294e69216, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Mar 12 16:07:10 CST 2021, time=2021-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-12 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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