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Lancet Oncol:微小残留病灶检测指导ALL患儿强化治疗

2014-07-10 佚名 丁香园

英国国家癌症研究所谢菲尔德儿童白血病临床试验研究组、谢菲尔德儿童医院的研究人员Ajay Vora博士等进行的UKALL 2003随机对照试验显示,微小残留病灶(MRD)检测呈阳性的急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿可从缓解后强化治疗中获益,但可能也会带来毒性。该研究结果于6月10日在线发表于《柳叶刀肿瘤学》杂志。 Ajay Vora博士称:“该研究为首个也是唯一一个证明缓解后强化治疗可带来顽固

英国国家癌症研究所谢菲尔德儿童白血病临床试验研究组、谢菲尔德儿童医院的研究人员Ajay Vora博士等进行的UKALL 2003随机对照试验显示,微小残留病灶(MRD)检测呈阳性的急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿可从缓解后强化治疗中获益,但可能也会带来毒性。该研究结果于6月10日在线发表于《柳叶刀肿瘤学》杂志。

Ajay Vora博士称:“该研究为首个也是唯一一个证明缓解后强化治疗可带来顽固性微小病灶获益的随机对照试验。”

研究人员解释称,MRD指治疗后残留于患者体内的少量白血病细胞。疾病缓解后仍留存有顽固性MRD的患儿复发风险高于未发现MRD的患者。Vora博士报道称,之前的UKALL 2003研究结果显示,MRD响应良好的接受较低强度缓解后治疗的低风险MRD患者无事件生存率较高。新的UKALL 2003研究结果表明,MRD响应为缓解后治疗强度选择提供了“最优策略”。

该项研究从2003年10月进行至2011年6月,涉及爱尔兰和英国的46个研究中心。受试患者为1-24岁的被诊断出患有急性淋巴细胞白血病,诱导治疗29天仍有至少0.01%的MRD存在,被视为高风险的患者。

共266例患者随机接受标准化治疗,267例随机接受强化治疗,强化治疗包括8个额外剂量的天冬酰胺酶,18个额外剂量的长春新碱,剂量逐渐增加的甲氨蝶呤静脉注射。无事件生存期是指从患者从确诊到复发的时间,即二次肿瘤的产生或死亡的时间。

大约70个月的随访发现,接受强化治疗患者比标准疗法患者5年无事件生存率更高,分别为89.6%和82.8%,优势比为0.61.研究人员将这一改善归因于强化治疗“大幅”减少复发风险。与标准治疗组相比,强化治疗组5年总生存率也有所提高,但不显著,分别为92.9%和88.9%,优势比为0.67.


图1 患者无事件生存率及复发风险比

两组患者之间死亡风险没有差别。强化治疗组7例死亡,1例发展为二次肿瘤;标准治疗组9例患者死亡。强化治疗组毒性发生率高于标准治疗组,分比为45%和34%,但Vora博士强调,这些毒性并未增加患者死亡率或恶化患者生活质量。治疗产生毒性包括天冬酰胺酶超敏反应、胰腺炎、口腔溃疡、消化道粘膜炎症或溃疡。


图2 患者治疗毒性情况

休斯顿德克萨斯大学儿童癌症医院儿科副教授,安德森癌症中心Michael Rytting博士称,这些毒性类型经常在接受治疗的急性淋巴细胞白血病儿童身上看到。他在随后的点评中对这项研究进行了评论。他在接受《医景医疗新闻》采访时说道,尽管强化治疗组毒性发生率更高,但患者对这些毒性的耐受性较好。

强化治疗组患儿孩子5年无事件生存率更高明显更高,但Rytting博士指出,未接受强化治疗的孩子也有着“不错的治愈率”。他说:“这并不是说所有未接受强化治疗的孩子都会复发,他们中的大多数都会痊愈,只是说强化治疗可增加痊愈几率。” 他解释称,MRD检测是一个“有效的预测方法”。虽然在欧洲和美国MRD被广泛应用,但也这一直受到质疑。

当MRD结果良好时,可以作为当前治疗有效性的一个指标。当MRD结果较差时,医生几乎不能给出基于它的治疗方案。Rytting博士称:“这是一项非常有趣的研究。同时也是第一个发表的,证明可通过MRD改变治疗的随机临床研究。

另一件重要的事情是,标准化疗方法目前正广泛应用,并未经过个体化验证且非常昂贵。研究人员表示,临床医生可以根据实际情况改变治疗以改善临床效果。“

Rytting博士报称,在英国这项研究可能已经改变了临床实践,至少接受本研究方案治疗的儿童患者。然而,这一发现可能不适用于接受其他方案治疗的儿童。

原始出处:

Vora A1, Goulden N2, Mitchell C3, Hancock J4, Hough R5, Rowntree C6, Moorman AV7, Wade R8.Augmented post-remission therapy for a minimal residual disease-defined high-risk subgroup of children and young people with clinical standard-risk and intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (UKALL 2003): a randomised controlled trial.Lancet Oncol. 2014 Jul;15(8):809-18. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70243-8. Epub 2014 Jun 9.


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    2015-04-17 minlingfeng
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    2015-01-27 howi
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    2014-07-12 膀胱癌
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