J Hum Lact：母乳中的TRAIL蛋白可能有助于抗癌

母乳的好处是众所周知的，但为什么母乳喂养能对抗各种癌症仍是一个谜。近日，一项发表在Journal of Human Lactation杂志上的新研究证实：高水平的具有抗癌作用的肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导人奶中配体（TRAIL）可能是母乳抗癌功效的作用机制。

研究人员收集初乳、刚分娩妇女的母乳。然后研究人员获得健康妇女的血液样本以及各种婴幼儿配方奶粉。测试所有初乳、刚分娩妇女的母乳、血液和配方以衡量其中TRAIL的水平。研究人员发现相于比血液而言，初乳和母乳中分别含有400和100倍的TRAIL的高水平。

早期已有文献证明母乳喂养的对某些特定的儿童癌症的预防非常重要，如急性淋巴细胞白血病、霍奇金病和神经母细胞瘤等。不过，这项研究证实内源性可溶性TRAIL解释母乳喂养对癌症的整体生物效应。

选择参与该研究的母亲均符合研究条件，因为这些母亲们没有子痫、感染或发烧等症状，并能及时分娩健康新生儿。

作者写道：据我们所知，这是第一次TRAIL在初乳和人类母乳中得到测试研究。本研究发现初乳和母乳中TRAIL的浓度比循环血清TRAIL的水平高。

doi:10.1177/0890334412441071
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Human Colostrum and Breast Milk Contain High Levels of TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)

Riccardo Davanzo,et al.

Background: TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which plays a key role in the immune system as well as in controlling the balance of apoptosis and proliferation in various organs and tissues.

Objective: To investigate the presence and levels of soluble TRAIL in human colostrum and milk.

Methods: The levels of soluble human TRAIL were measured in human colostrum (day 2 after delivery) and breast milk (day 5 after delivery). The presence of TRAIL was also measured in infant formula.

Results: Levels of soluble TRAIL in the colostrum and mature human milk were, respectively, at least 400 and 100 fold higher than those detected in human serum. No TRAIL was detected in formula.

Conclusion: Human soluble TRAIL is present at extremely high levels in human colostrum and human milk and might have a significant role in mediating the anti-cancer activity of human milk.