Baidu
map

布鲁菌感染病例4例

2018-05-02 马淑青 袁晓明 检验医学

2016年1-11月在大连医科大学附属威海市立医院就诊的4例虎红平板血清凝集试验阳性患者血培养显示布鲁菌阳性。按照《布氏杆菌病诊断标准》(WS269-2007),根据流行病学接触史、临床特点及实验室阳性结果临床诊断为布鲁菌病。4例患者的临床特征见表1。

【一般资料】

2016年1-11月在大连医科大学附属威海市立医院就诊的4例虎红平板血清凝集试验阳性患者血培养显示布鲁菌阳性。按照《布氏杆菌病诊断标准》(WS269-2007),根据流行病学接触史、临床特点及实验室阳性结果临床诊断为布鲁菌病。4例患者的临床特征见表1。


【辅助检查】

1.一般实验室检测4例患者白细胞计数为(1.90~6.95)×109/L,中性粒细胞比例为37.80%~78.70%,降钙素原为(0.08~2.30)ng/mL,C反应蛋白为7.54~21.70mg/L,肝、肾功能正常,红细胞沉降率比正常人略高。见表2。2.病原学检测(1)血清凝集试验采集血液样本进行虎红平板血清凝集试验和试管法血清凝集试验。(2)血培养采集患者静脉血置血培养瓶(双侧双瓶)中送检,经Bact/Alert120血培养仪培养。当培养瓶阳性报警后,用注射器抽取瓶内培养物进行革兰染色和柯氏染色,镜检并转种血琼脂平板,置36℃、5%CO2温箱中培养24~48h,进行革兰染色、镜检及初步生化鉴定。采用Vitek2Compact微生物鉴定仪及其配套的GN鉴定卡和快速尿素酶试验进行菌种鉴定。以上试剂及仪器均由法国生物梅里埃公司提供。血培养报阳时间为2.5~4d,只有需氧瓶报警。报阳生长曲线特点:48h左右出现较短的生长期且很缓慢,生长期对应的中轴较短,稳定期很短。取血培养阳性的培养物涂片、革兰染色并接种到BAP和麦康凯培养基,置36℃5%CO2温箱中培养,24h形成很细小的菌落,几乎看不到,48h后形成灰白色、圆形、边缘整齐的细小菌落,麦康凯培养基上不生长(图1)。革兰染色镜检可见细小的革兰阴性短球杆菌,两端钝圆,像平铺的细沙(图2)。柯氏染色布鲁菌被染成红色,其他杆菌被染成了蓝色(图3)。4株细菌经Vitek2Compact微生物鉴定仪初步鉴定为马耳他布鲁菌且15min内尿素酶试验呈阳性(图4)。





【讨论】

临床诊断布鲁菌病主要依赖于患者病史、接触史、体征等流行病学特征,微生物培养结果及血清免疫学试验。全面询问病史是诊断布鲁菌病的重要途径,其中牲畜(牛、羊、猪)接触史和多汗、乏力、关节痛、波浪热为布鲁菌病的主要特征。但近年来散在的布鲁菌病患者临床表现多种多样,常不具备典型特征,发热、盗汗、乏力、关节痛等症状都不明显。在本研究的4例布鲁菌病患者中工人3例、农民1例,临床症状就是普通I型流行性感冒症状,生活环境及居住卫生条件较好,2例近期有饮鲜羊奶史,2例无明显的牛、羊等接触史。其中1例还伴有血小板减少,曾被临床怀疑布尼亚病毒感染。使用头孢等多种抗菌药物治疗后效果不明显。反应患者细菌感染的指标如白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、C反应蛋白及降钙素原均不高或轻度升高,这更容易使临床误诊为病毒感染或其他感染。最后实验室血培养显示布鲁菌阳性而明确诊断,给予四环素和利福平治疗后患者体温恢复正常。因此,对发热的患者重视血培养及实验室人员对布鲁菌血培养特点熟练掌握,对帮助临床早期诊断至关重要。布鲁菌的生长曲线不同于葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、非发酵菌、真菌。非发酵菌及真菌的生长曲线虽然生长期平缓,稳定期也很短,但阳性报警时间平均为18.8h。葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌生长期一般很陡,平均报警时间一般不会超过24h。大连医科大学附属威海市立医院分离的4例布鲁菌的生长曲线与非发酵菌相似,阳性报警时间为2.5~4d,平均3.25d,生长期平缓。本研究与郭素芳等报道的布鲁菌生长曲线及报阳时间相符。因此当微生物实验人员看到这样的生长曲线时,应高度怀疑布鲁菌,接下来的任何操作须注意生物安全。不建议做该菌的药物敏感性试验,大多数的布鲁菌治疗失败的原因不是细菌耐药。布鲁菌侵袭力较强,可以通过黏膜、完整皮肤、呼吸道和消化道感染人类。因此,应提高对布鲁菌及其流行病学的认识。气溶胶是实验室获得性感染的主要原因,国内外文献有实验室暴发感染的报道。因此对实验人员,一定要做好生物安全的防护工作,防止交叉感染。

原始出处:

马淑青, 袁晓明. 4例布鲁菌感染病例分析[J]. 检验医学, 2018, 33(2):188-190.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746364, encodeId=1c4a1e463647a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5af48434cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#布鲁菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48434, encryptionId=d5af48434cb, topicName=布鲁菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=049e35711366, createdName=zhyy100, createdTime=Thu Oct 04 21:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312180, encodeId=6f573121804e, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat May 05 08:02:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1604325, encodeId=c3041604325ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71b95335396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#感染病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53353, encryptionId=71b95335396, topicName=感染病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=337119178396, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Fri May 04 04:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=311324, encodeId=9aa331132417, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed May 02 14:02:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-04 zhyy100
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746364, encodeId=1c4a1e463647a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5af48434cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#布鲁菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48434, encryptionId=d5af48434cb, topicName=布鲁菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=049e35711366, createdName=zhyy100, createdTime=Thu Oct 04 21:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312180, encodeId=6f573121804e, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat May 05 08:02:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1604325, encodeId=c3041604325ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71b95335396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#感染病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53353, encryptionId=71b95335396, topicName=感染病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=337119178396, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Fri May 04 04:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=311324, encodeId=9aa331132417, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed May 02 14:02:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-05 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746364, encodeId=1c4a1e463647a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5af48434cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#布鲁菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48434, encryptionId=d5af48434cb, topicName=布鲁菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=049e35711366, createdName=zhyy100, createdTime=Thu Oct 04 21:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312180, encodeId=6f573121804e, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat May 05 08:02:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1604325, encodeId=c3041604325ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71b95335396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#感染病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53353, encryptionId=71b95335396, topicName=感染病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=337119178396, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Fri May 04 04:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=311324, encodeId=9aa331132417, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed May 02 14:02:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-04 xugc
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746364, encodeId=1c4a1e463647a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5af48434cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#布鲁菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48434, encryptionId=d5af48434cb, topicName=布鲁菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=049e35711366, createdName=zhyy100, createdTime=Thu Oct 04 21:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312180, encodeId=6f573121804e, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat May 05 08:02:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1604325, encodeId=c3041604325ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71b95335396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#感染病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53353, encryptionId=71b95335396, topicName=感染病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=337119178396, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Fri May 04 04:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=311324, encodeId=9aa331132417, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed May 02 14:02:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-02 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map