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Nature Medicine:CD8 + T细胞对感染COVID-19的血液癌患者有益

2021-05-23 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

Nature Medicine:CD8 + T细胞对感染COVID-19的血液癌患者有益

COVID-19严重感染免疫失调有关,包括I型和III型干扰素分泌受损或延迟,淋巴细胞显著减少,肿瘤坏死因子IL- 1βIL- 6等促炎细胞因子的反常增加。T细胞改变包括效应器和激活的CD4CD8 T细胞增加,而B细胞和体液改变包括浆母细胞分化和生成SARS-CoV-2反应性IgMIgG抗体。最近,不同的免疫表型与COVID-19疾病的严重程度和轨迹相关。了解临床特征如何影响宿主对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应将阐明疾病严重程度的决定因素。

癌症患者患严重COVID-19的风险增加,估计病死率为25%,而一般人群中为2.7% 。重要的是,癌症是一种异质性疾病,COVID-19患者中同时患有血液系统恶性肿瘤的死亡率高达55%

由癌症亚型引起的死亡率增加是否独立于其它预后因素(包括东部肿瘤合作组(ECOG)的表现状态,这是癌症患者人群中最重要的死亡预测因素)的混杂影响还不太明显。关于癌症患者对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应是否因癌症亚型而不同,是否受免疫调节疗法(B细胞耗尽疗法)的影响,以及最重要的是,这些因素如何影响COVID-19的死亡率,这些数据有限。为了了解COVID-19癌症死亡率的免疫决定因素,Erin M. Bange,等研究了两个医院患有急性COVID-19的三个癌症患者队列。该文发表在Nature Medicine杂志。

COVID-19死亡的潜在危险因素的单因素分析。数据以ORs 95% CI表示。+BMI 18.5 - -24.9;+ + BMI<18.5,+ + +BMI>25;#接触免疫抑制药物(不包括癌症治疗);^ 6个月内诊断或治疗;*单剂免疫治疗、靶向治疗或单克隆抗体。

血液癌是covid -19相关死亡的独立危险因素。a,患有实体癌(n = 77)和血液癌(n = 22)的COVID-19幸存的Kaplan-Meier曲线。Cox回归计算血液癌与实体癌死亡率的HR,并根据年龄、性别、吸烟状况、活动性癌症状况和ECOG表现状况进行调整。b, 因COVID-19住院的实体癌(n = 62)和血液癌(n = 15)患者铁蛋白(P = 0.036)、IL-6 (P = 0.034)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) (P = 0.001)。双侧Mann-Whitney检验确定的所有显著性:*P <0.05和**P < 0.01。中位数和95% CI显示。

 

癌症患者因COVID-19死亡率很高,决定临床结果的免疫参数仍不清楚。在一项由100COVID-19住院的癌症患者组成的队列中,血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的死亡率高于实体癌患者。在另外两个队列中,流式细胞仪和血清学分析显示,在急性COVID-19期间,实体癌患者和非癌症患者的免疫表型相似,而血液癌患者的B细胞、SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体反应受损。尽管患有COVID-19的血液癌患者的体液免疫受损和死亡率较高,但CD8 T细胞数量较多的患者,包括接受抗CD20治疗的患者,生存率有所提高此外,77%的血液癌患者检测到SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞反应。因此,当体液免疫不足时,CD8 T细胞可能影响COVID-19的恢复。

高维分析揭示了与死亡率相关的免疫表型和实体癌和血液癌之间的不同表型。*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001。

CD8 T细胞计数与血液癌和COVID-19患者的生存相关。 *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001。

这些观察结果表明,即使在体液反应有限的情况下,CD8 T细胞对疫苗接种的应答也可能为血液癌患者提供保护。

原文出处

Bange, E.M., Han, N.A., Wileyto, P. et al. CD8+ T cells contribute to survival in patients with COVID-19 and hematologic cancer. Nat Med (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01386-7

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    2021-08-01 kalseyzl
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    2021-09-18 liye789132251
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    2021-12-30 jeanqiuqiu
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