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SPRINT研究全新分析:降压时有体位性低血压但无症状,不需要调整药物

2020-02-02 朱朱 中国循环杂志

高血压患者在治疗期间,会出现体位性低血压,即坐着时血压较高,而站立时血压降低。来自SPRINT研究的一项最新分析表明,高血压患者治疗期间如果出现无症状的体位性低血压,并不会增加心血管事件、晕厥、电解质异常、损伤性跌倒或急性肾衰竭等风险。研究者指出,有人认为,在老年高血压患者中,降压目标越严格,越可能导致体位性低血压和跌到。显然这项最新分析结果并不支持这一点。即便是在强化降压治疗(降压目标设定为收缩

高血压患者在治疗期间,会出现体位性低血压,即坐着时血压较高,而站立时血压降低。

来自SPRINT研究的一项最新分析表明,高血压患者治疗期间如果出现无症状的体位性低血压,并不会增加心血管事件、晕厥、电解质异常、损伤性跌倒或急性肾衰竭等风险。

研究者指出,有人认为,在老年高血压患者中,降压目标越严格,越可能导致体位性低血压和跌到。显然这项最新分析结果并不支持这一点。

即便是在强化降压治疗(降压目标设定为收缩压<120 mmHg)的情况下,高血压患者治疗期间出现的无症状性体位性低血压,都不应该成为下调降压药物的理由,即不应该调低降压药物用量或者减少降压药物种类。

但需要指出的是,该研究中体位性低血压是根据从坐位至站立后血压变化而定义的,且站立时收缩压<110 mmHg者被排除了。

在该研究中,中位随访3年期间,在以收缩压<120 mmHg或<140 mmHg为降压目标的患者中,分别有5.7%和5.0%出现体位性低血压。

研究者发现,无症状体位性低血压并未增加心血管事件、晕厥、电解质异常、损伤性跌倒、急性肾衰等的发生风险。

但是,体位性低血压会导致低血压相关住院或急诊就诊风险增加77%,心动过缓风险增加94%,这在两个降压目标不同的组中,情况相似。

该研究为一项前瞻性、随机对照、开放标签研究,纳入8156例年龄≥50岁的高血压患者,平均年龄68岁。患者坐着时收缩压为130~180 mmHg,但站立时收缩压≥110 mm Hg。

在该研究中,体位性低血压定义为:从坐着改站立1分钟后,收缩压下降≥20 mmHg或者舒张压下降≥10 mmHg。主要终点为心血管事件。

来源:Orthostatic Hypotension, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Adverse Events:Results From SPRINT. Hypertension, Originally published 27 Jan 2020

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