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Science:中药防己可能用于埃博拉病毒的治疗

2015-02-28 MedSci MedSci原创

埃博拉病毒引起人体致命出血热的零星爆发,但是目前被批准的治疗仍然为零。细胞通过吞噬作用占用埃博拉病毒,其次是通过胞内囊泡的转运方式。然而,很少因素能够控制胞内病毒的运动。在这里,我们发现埃博拉病毒进入宿主细胞需要胞内钙离子通道,此通道被称为两孔通道( TPCs)。通过基因敲除破坏TPC作用,或干扰RNA链,或小分子抑制剂使病毒转运停止,并防止感染。经测试的最有效的小分子——汉防已甲素,可抑制埃博拉

资料图片:埃博拉病毒资料图片:埃博拉病毒
埃博拉病毒引起人体致命出血热的零星爆发,但是目前被批准的治疗仍然为零。细胞通过吞噬作用占用埃博拉病毒,其次是通过胞内囊泡的转运方式。然而,很少因素能够控制胞内病毒的运动。在这里,我们发现埃博拉病毒进入宿主细胞需要胞内钙离子通道,此通道被称为两孔通道( TPCs)。通过基因敲除破坏TPC作用,或干扰RNA链,或小分子抑制剂使病毒转运停止,并防止感染。经测试的最有效的小分子——汉防已甲素(Tetrandrine),可抑制埃博拉病毒在体内的主要目标——人巨噬细胞的感染,另外在小鼠实验中显示该治疗有效。因此,TPC蛋白在埃博拉病毒感染中起到重要的作用,也许可以成为抗病毒治疗的有效靶标。

研究称中草药提取成分汉防己碱是埃博拉病毒“克星”

研究人员认为,汉防己碱作用在于阻断了埃博拉病毒感染宿主细胞的关键性“双孔通道”。埃博拉病毒与宿主体内细胞受体结合进行胞饮作用后,开始生命周期。一旦入侵开始,埃博拉病毒会移动到细胞的核内体和溶酶体处,使自身含有独特糖蛋白的包膜分解,以便和细胞膜内壁的蛋白物融合释放病毒核衣壳,开始基因转录复制繁殖。

核内体为囊泡结构,为细胞外物质进入细胞内提供了运载途径,其运载受“双孔通道”控制。研究人员发现,汉防己碱能够阻隔“通道”,从而“锁住”埃博拉病毒。
 
研究负责人、得克萨斯生物医学研究所病毒学家罗伯特·戴维说:“病毒被困在囊泡内,无法逃脱。运送路线从而改变,病毒最终被杀死。这终止了传播。”
 
研究人员在论文中写道,小鼠在感染埃博拉病毒后立即启用“汉防己碱”治疗,最终小鼠的存活率“显著提高”,“没有发现副作用”;而推迟一天再用“汉防己碱”治疗,最终一半小鼠存活。“这些结果表明汉防己碱治疗患病小鼠非常有效”。

研究负责人、得克萨斯生物医学研究所的罗伯特·戴维在一份声明中说,这一发现让他们“非常激动”,对于该药物的前景“谨慎乐观”。他们下一步的计划是在非人类灵长类动物中测试其安全性与有效性。

《科学》杂志同时配发的一篇评论文章则泼冷水说,这些研究并不表明“一个切实可行的治疗方法近在眼前”,原因包括尚未在更能说明疗效的恒河猴中进行测试;“汉防己碱”是中草药“防己”的提取物,但除了中国外没有其他国家批准用于人类;给小鼠所用剂量当被用于人体中时可能有毒等。

这篇由美国国家卫生研究院的海因策·费尔德曼与另一名专家合写的文章说,从其工作原理看,“汉防己碱”的效果不太可能超出研制中的最先进埃博拉疗法。

目前,市场上尚无获得批准使用的埃博拉药物和疫苗。

不过MedSci也提醒,这个研究还仅仅是基础研究,所以在题目上,我们加了“可能”,最终是否有效,还应该经过临床验证其有效性和安全性。

小知识:
在2014年Rahman T等人在Sci Signal.上发表了一篇关于TPC的题为《两孔道的电压门控Ca 2+和Na +通道的演变》的文章。四域电压 - 门控的CA2+通道和Na+通道(CaV, NaV)支持神经系统作用,并且可能出现原始两域先导的基因内复制。调查两个孔隙通道( TPC)是否是这个转型进化过程中的一个中间过程,我们进行了分子对接模拟与TPC1的同源模型,显示该孔区域可以结合CAV或NaV的拮抗剂。CAV或NaV的拮抗剂阻止NAADP(烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸),激活在海胆卵和完整细胞中的CA2+信号,并过度表达TPC1。通过分析试验结果并观察模型,动物TPC中一个非规范的选择性过滤器可以保留天冬酰胺,其残留物被定位后,发现可以协调阳离子。相反,两个空隙通道的一个独特分支——TPCR,在几个单细胞物种的酸性离子选择器中,能够剩余更多的Na+通道.、TPCRs同族,预期与CAV的拮抗剂有会产生更强烈的反应。我们的数据显示,在离子选择四域电压 - 门控的离子通道中,采集的“蓝图”药理学特性和改变可能比古老两域祖先的基因内复制更早。

原始出处:
Sakurai Y, Kolokoltsov AA, Chen CC, Tidwell MW, Bauta WE, Klugbauer N, Grimm C, Wahl-Schott C, Biel M, Davey RA.Ebola virus. Two-pore channels control Ebola virus host cell entry and are drug targets for disease treatment. Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):995-8.

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    2015-04-08 吴颖

    提取完又属于西药了

    0

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    2015-03-02 jichang
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    2015-03-01 CRAZYDAFF

    真的有用?

    0

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    2015-03-01 zhouanxiu

    实用

    0

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    2015-03-01 hbwang006

    中药的学术太差了

    0

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    2015-03-01 medcardio

    这是最专业报道了

    0

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