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J Neurosurg Spine:颈椎管成形并后路融合可增加神经麻痹风险

2014-01-28 佚名 丁香园

20 世纪 70 年代在日本首先报道了颈椎管成形术,1977年,Hirabayashi发明了单开门椎管成形术,此后在此基础上又出现了其他几种形式的椎管成形术,如伊藤法、双开门法及棘突纵劈开门法。 目前颈椎管成形术已成为手术治疗颈椎病的主要方法之一,尤其是在治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化(OPLL)及脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)上取得了良好的近期和远期效果。有不少学者通过深入研究发现:

20 世纪 70 年代在日本首先报道了颈椎管成形术,1977年,Hirabayashi发明了单开门椎管成形术,此后在此基础上又出现了其他几种形式的椎管成形术,如伊藤法、双开门法及棘突纵劈开门法。

目前颈椎管成形术已成为手术治疗颈椎病的主要方法之一,尤其是在治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化(OPLL)及脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)上取得了良好的近期和远期效果。有不少学者通过深入研究发现:颈椎反屈(后凸畸形)、颈椎不稳可影响患者预后,因而此类患者单纯椎管成形术疗效不佳,多需联合后路融合提高疗效。

C5神经根麻痹为颈椎管成形术最常见的并发症,虽然此并发症引起的上肢功能障碍通常是一过性的,预后较好,但严重影响术后近期疗效的判断和患者对手术疗效的满意度,因此越来越受到重视。有文献报道显示:C5神经根麻痹可能与术中神经根损伤、神经根栓系效应、根动脉供血减少等因素有关,但确切机制尚不明确。

日本学者KazuhiroYamanaKa等进行了一项C5神经根麻痹危险因素回顾性分析,该研究结果已在近期的JNS杂志上发表。

该研究对象为1998年—2004年期间58例在兵库医科大学附属医院接受双开门颈椎管成形术患者,其中CSM39例,OPLL19例,患者随访均>1年。按患者是否存在颈椎后凸畸形及颈椎不稳,考虑行颈椎管双开门成形术或同期行后路融合术,其中融合组24例,非融合组38例。研究评估指标包括:日本骨科医生协会(JOA)评分、JOA评分改善率[(术后JOA-术后JOA)× 100/(17-术后JOA)]、颈椎活动度(ROM)、C4-5椎间孔宽度。

研究结果显示:两组患者年龄、性别、术前诊断无统计学差异。术后C5神经根麻痹,融合组6例(融合节段多位于C4-5),非融合组1例,融合组术后C5神经根麻痹发生率显著高于非融合组且有统计学意义。融合组平均术前、末次随访JOA评分分别为:8.6 ±2.8、2.6 ±3.1,平均JOA评分改善率为52.6%。

非融合组平均术前、末次随访JOA评分分别为:9.0 ±2.4、13.4 ±2.0,平均JOA评分改善率:56.5%。该研究显示两组末次随访JOA评分均较术前显著提高;两组术后颈椎活动度(ROM)均不同程度下降。同时,该研究发现融合组发生C5神经根麻痹患者患侧C4-5椎间孔宽度明显小于健侧及融合组未发生者。

该研究表明融合组C5神经麻痹发生率显著高于非融合组,融合可引起医源性C4-5椎间孔狭窄,使C5神经根受压出现相应的临床症状。因此KazuhiroYamanaKa等认为同期行后路融合术与颈椎管成形术术后C5神经根麻痹相关。

原文出处:

Yamanaka K, Tachibana T, Moriyama T, Okada F, Maruo K, Inoue S, Horinouchi Y, Yoshiya S.C-5 palsy after cervical laminoplasty with instrumented posterior fusion.J Neurosurg Spine. 2014 Jan;20(1):1-4. doi: 10.3171/2013.9.SPINE12952. 

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    2014-12-06 mgqwxj
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    2014-01-30 lsndxfj
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    2014-01-30 licz0427
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