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美国老年糖尿病管理指南:简化治疗,避免低血糖

2019-03-28 卢芳 中国循环杂志

人年纪大了,不仅糖尿病的患病风险会跟着增加,得了糖尿病后微血管和大血管的并发症发生率也随之升高,而且还面临肌肉减少症、虚弱、认知障碍甚至独立生活能力丧失等问题。 据悉,65~79岁老年人糖尿病发病率较高,估计影响33%的美国老年人,此外有多于50%的老人还符合糖尿病前期诊断标准。


人年纪大了,不仅糖尿病的患病风险会跟着增加,得了糖尿病后微血管和大血管的并发症发生率也随之升高,而且还面临肌肉减少症、虚弱、认知障碍甚至独立生活能力丧失等问题。

据悉,65~79岁老年人糖尿病发病率较高,估计影响33%的美国老年人,此外有多于50%的老人还符合糖尿病前期诊断标准。

怎样更好管理老年糖尿病患者?

近日,美国内分泌学会发布了老年(≥65岁)糖尿病患者的管理指南。

新指南推荐简化药物治疗方案、放宽血糖控制目标,以提高患者依从性并预防这一人群治疗相关的并发症。同时也注重共同决策和个体化治疗。

建议要点见下:

1. 治疗要考虑老年糖尿病患者的整体健康状况和生活质量。

2.定期筛查糖尿病和糖尿病前期。

3.定期采用MMSE简易量表对患者进行筛查认知障碍,每2~3年重复1次。

4. 简化的治疗方案和目标:尽量减少低血糖风险。

表1基于健康状况制定的65岁及以上患者的临床管理目标

注:ADL:包括洗澡、穿衣、吃饭、上洗手间、走动等日常活动;IADL:包括做饭、购物、理财、打电话和用药管理

5.生活方式干预仍是控制血糖的基石,评估患者营养状况,减少其营养不良,并合理调节饮食结构。

6.二甲双胍被推荐为初始口服药物,如有需要可在此基础上加用其他口服药物或注射药物降糖。避免使用磺脲类和格列奈类药物,并谨慎使用胰岛素。降糖治疗方案应尽可能简单。

7.建议65~85岁合并高血压患者,降压目标为140/90 mm Hg。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ACEI/ARB)被推荐为一线治疗药物。

8.老年糖尿病患者,建议每年进行1次血脂检查。需要他汀类药物之外的额外治疗者,可考虑依折麦布或PCSK9抑制剂。

指南并未给出这一人群特定的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)控制目标;此外对于80岁及以上人群或预期寿命短的患者,建议LDL-C控制放松。

9.建议每年筛查一次糖尿病视网膜病变。

10.对于罹患终末疾病或严重并发症的患者要简化治疗,建议空腹血糖在100~140 mg/dL,餐后血糖140~180 mg/dL,同时避免低血糖的发生。

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    2019-03-28 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2019-03-28 百草

    学习

    0

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