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JCO:二甲双胍可以显著改善HER2阳性早期乳腺癌合并糖尿病患者的预后

2017-03-17 Riesling 肿瘤资讯

既往研究显示,糖尿病合并乳腺癌患者使用二甲双胍,可以改善患者生存结局。 近日,JCO杂志在线发文,纳入国际多中心大样本III期辅助治疗随机对照研究ALTTO的病例,探索性分析HER2阳性合并糖尿病的早期乳腺癌患者,二甲双胍治疗是否影响患者的复发和死亡风险。结果显示,在HER2阳性HR阳性合并糖尿病的早期乳腺癌患者中,服用二甲双胍治疗,对比未服药患者,复发和死亡风险更低。

背景

既往的队列研究结果已经证实,合并糖尿病乳腺癌患者预后更差,可能与患者胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症有关。那么使用降糖药物能否改善一类患者的预后呢?临床前研究和既往的临床研究数据均显示二甲双胍有直接和间接的抗肿瘤效应。近期纳入11个研究,5464例乳腺癌患者的荟萃分析结果显示,糖尿病合并乳腺癌患者使用二甲双胍,可以改善患者的总生存和癌症特异性生存。然而这一荟萃分析纳入的研究具有很大的异质性,影响结果的说服力。对于HER2阳性接受辅助抗HER2治疗的早期乳腺癌患者,二甲双胍能否改善糖尿病患者的预后呢?既往尚无研究报道。因此,该探索性分析旨在评估ALTTO研究(拉帕替尼±曲妥珠单抗辅助治疗优化,Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation)中,合并糖尿病的早期乳腺癌患者,二甲双胍治疗与否,对患者生存解决的影响。

方法

本研究为ALTTO研究的子研究,所有入组ALTTO研究的患者均纳入本次分析。研究假定合并糖尿病的患者预后更差,接受二甲双胍治疗可以逆转这一现象。

根据患者入组基线时有无糖尿病史以及是否接受二甲双胍治疗进行分组,探索性分析用或未用二甲双胍治疗的糖尿病患者,与无糖尿病患者相比,无病生存期(DFS)、无远处转移生存期(DDFS)和总生存(OS)是否不同。

结果

ALTTO研究共入组8381例HER2阳性早期乳腺癌患者,随机分为4组,接受1年抗HER2辅助治疗方案:曲妥珠单抗单药、拉帕替尼单药、两药序贯、两药联合。根据患者入组基线的资料显示, 7935例(94.7%)无糖尿病史、186例(2.2%)糖尿病患者无二甲双胍治疗史、260例(3.1%)糖尿病患者有二甲双胍治疗史,研究流程图如下图1。相比于无糖尿病史患者,合并糖尿病的患者年龄更大(P<0.001),绝经后患者更多(P<0.001),BMI更大(P<0.001),肿瘤更大(P<0.001)。在糖尿病患者中,接受二甲双胍治疗的患者中胰岛素的治疗比例低于未接受二甲双胍治疗的患者(13.08% vs 24.73%, P=0.002)。



图1. 研究流程图

中位随访时间4.5年(0.16-6.31年),其中分别有1205例(14.38%)、929例(11.08%)和528(6.3%)例患者达到了DFS、DDFS和OS终点。如图2所示,与无糖尿病史的患者相比,未接受二甲双胍治疗的糖尿病患者,复发、远处复发、死亡的风险分别增加40%、56%、87%(DFS:HR=1.40,95%CI,1.01-1.94,P=0.043;DDFS: HR=1.56,95%CI,1.10-2.22,P=0.013;OS:HR=1.87,95%CI, 1.23-2.85,P=0.004);而接受二甲双胍治疗的糖尿病患者,DFS、DDFS和OS均与无糖尿病史的患者无显着差异。



图2. 3组患者的生存比较

进一步的分析发现,未接受二甲双胍治疗的糖尿病患者中,糖尿病对患者的生存影响仅限于激素受体阳性患者,而对于HR阴性患者,糖尿病并不影响患者的生存结局。

虽然胰岛素治疗与不利影响有相关性,但是二甲双胍可使HER2阳性和激素受体阳性乳腺癌合并糖尿病患者获益,见下表。



作者进一步在糖尿病患者中进行分析了,结果显示二甲双胍对患者生存的改善仅限于HER2阳性HR阳性的患者,而HR阴性患者接受二甲双胍治疗与未接受患者相比,DFS、DDFS和OS均无差异,如下表所示。



此外,相比于未接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者,接受胰岛素治疗的HER2阳性HR阳性预后更差。

最后,作者还评估了二甲双胍是否改善乳腺癌合并糖尿病患者的乳腺癌特异性生存,结果显示在HER2阳性HR阳性患者,二甲双胍治疗可以改善患者的乳腺癌特异性生存(HR=0.29;95%CI,0.09-0.96;P=0.044).

结论

本研究是首个发现二甲双胍治疗可以改善HER2阳性乳腺癌合并糖尿病患者预后前瞻研究分析,同时也进一步证实了在HER2阳性的患者中,糖尿病患者对比无糖尿病的患者,预后更差。与既往的研究结果相同,二甲双胍的逆转效果,仅限于HR阳性患者;对于HR阴性患者,是否合并糖尿病并不影响患者的生存。

讨论

二甲双胍抗肿瘤作用的剂量目前尚未完全明显。可能的作用机理如下:1.间接作用:通过影响人体的代谢,降低胰岛素,血糖,瘦素和炎症因子的水平,进而下调肿瘤细胞的JAK2-STAT3和PI3K-Akt-mTOR通路。2.直接作用:细胞实验显示,二甲双胍可以通过抑制AMPK激活和下游靶点mTOR,抑制JAK2-STAT3通路。

在HER2阳性乳腺癌细胞中,二甲双胍可以降低HER2酪氨酸激酶的活性和表达,可以部分解释二甲双胍改善HER2阳性乳腺癌合并糖尿病患者的生存结局。此外,JAK2-STAT3和Akt-mTOR通路与曲妥珠单抗的耐药相关,因此二甲双胍可能可以通过影响上述通路克服曲妥珠单抗耐药。

点评:

本研究并不是ALLTO研究预先设定的探索性分析,因此各组患者之间可能存在一些不均衡的因素,如二甲双胍治疗组和非治疗组患者的血糖水平。此外,研究仅分析了患者入组基线时患病和服药的基本情况,并未详细评估糖尿病患者胰岛素水平和HbA1c的水平以及后续治疗过程对患者血糖的影响。

在乳腺癌患者中,约5%患者合并糖尿病,这部分人群值得并重点关注。虽然本研究并不能提供高水平的研究证据,但未未来研究提供了很好的基础,后续期望开展前瞻性的真实世界研究,进一步明确,二甲双胍治疗对HER2阳性乳腺癌合并糖尿病的患者生存的影响。

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    2017-08-15 lidong40
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    2017-03-21 卡圣

    感谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-03-18 卡圣

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-03-18 天涯183

    非常好的研究

    0

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    2017-03-17 卡圣

    认真学习,谢谢分享

    0

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两种“神药”白藜芦醇和二甲双胍再刷存在感!近日,来自弗吉尼亚理工学院的一项研究表明,这两种物质或许可以抵抗神经衰老带来的不利影响。

为“防癌”支招!这篇Cell综述提到了阿司匹林、二甲双胍

去年12月,来自美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)的两位科学家发表一篇癌症预防相关的综述文章,讨论了癌症的化学预防和免疫预防措施。小编在文中看到了一些熟悉的“身影”:阿司匹林、二甲双胍、免疫检查点抑制剂……

多学科讨论:二甲双胍可改变肠道菌群 降糖作用与此有关?

二甲双胍是世界范围内使用最广泛口服降糖药物。近年来大量研究发现二甲双胍还有抗衰老抗肿瘤延长寿命等作用。近日,二甲双胍与肠道菌群的相遇让其一夜之间跨界成了微生物圈的新晋“网红”。2017年1月,《Diabetes Care》的一项研究表明二甲双胍会通过富集黏蛋白降解的Akkermansia muciniphila以及一些SCFA产菌群而改变肠道菌群组成。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本

Laryngoscope:二甲双胍瞄准肿瘤能量源治疗头颈癌

资深作者托马斯杰斐逊大学的医学肿瘤学系副教授和Sidney Kimmel癌症中心研究员Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn博士说:“此次研究是为了检验二甲双胍治疗头颈癌的疗效。令我们感到高兴的是,它最终使病人遭受的副作用更少。”Martinez-Outschoorn博士和他的同事认为,二甲双胍不仅改变了癌细胞赖以生存的通路,而且还改变了癌细胞微环境——包围和支持肿瘤的细胞

Circulation:二甲双胍不要太多,低血糖使糖尿病患者死亡风险增加

关于降糖“一哥”的三个问题,看最新共识怎么说

Diabetes Care:维格列汀和二甲双胍对小肠输注葡萄糖的2型糖尿病患者血压和心率的反应有啥影响?

由此可见,在2型糖尿病患者十二指肠葡萄糖输注过程中,维格列汀降低BP和增加HR,而二甲双胍增加HR,但并不影响BP。在肠内营养期间这些不同的心血管效应可能对餐后低血压有影响。

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