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新冠肺炎防控期间高危ACS诊治流程|CCIF2020

2020-04-23 小M MedSci原创

第二十三届全国介入心脏病学论坛(CCIF2020 Online)于4月21-4月25日在线上召开(大会官网 :http://www.ccif.org.cn/)。本次大会学术板块包括手术转播与热点问题争

第二十三届全国介入心脏病学论坛(CCIF2020 Online)于4月21-4月25日在线上召开(大会官网 :http://www.ccif.org.cn/)。本次大会学术板块包括手术转播与热点问题争鸣、心血管介入诊疗培训教程、复杂冠脉病变介入研讨、高血压论坛、护技论坛等,旨在促进心血管领域医生之间的经验分享与学术交流。大会期间特开设《湖北介入论坛》学术专场,与湖北一线心血管医生一起分享新冠疫情之下的心血管相关疾病的防治工作。

NCP疫情加大了心血管急危重症患者的救治难度,病毒对患者心血管系统可能造成的损害、患者对疫情的恐惧、重症NCP低氧血症对心肌的损害等均可能诱发或加重心血管急危重症。在“湖北介入论坛——新冠肺炎防控心血管专场”中,来自华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院心血管内科的严江涛教授为我们介绍了“新冠肺炎防控期间高危ACS的诊治流程“。

严江涛

主任医师 教授

华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院(主院区)

心血管内科

简介:教授,硕士生导师,同济医院心血管内科副主任、中华医学会临床流行病学和循证医学分会委员、湖北省医学会内科学分会委员兼秘书 长期从事心血管内科临床、教学和科研工作,2010--2011年于德国莱比锡大学心脏中心进修心导管介入诊疗技术,擅长冠心病、主动脉疾病及外周动脉疾病等心血管疾病的介入治疗,以及心血管疾病急危重症的多学科综合救治 主持国家自然科学基金项目2项,湖北省自然科学基金项目1项,发表论文30余篇,其中以第一作者和通信作者发表SCI收录论文十余篇

严教授指出, 2月份疫情防控期间心血管急危重症救治遵循的急救原则为:“疫情第一,风险评估,首选保守,确保防护“。具体内容包括:

(1)评估风险内容: ①是否为 COVID-19 确诊或疑似患者;②当前疫情防控特殊条件下对心血管急重症采取的救治手段是否获益及获益程度;③注意对心血管急危 重症与危重症型 COVID-19 导致的呼吸困难、血氧饱和度下降及休克进行鉴别诊断。另外,高度警惕并防止合并肺梗死的急性肺栓塞患者被误 诊为 COVID-19。

(2)重视医患双方的防护:根据中华人民共和国传染病防治法及国家卫健委颁布的有关院内感染控制的相关规定,结合此次 COVID-19 的流行特点,将防护隔离措施严格贯穿于心血管重症患者救治的整个流程。

(3)因地施策:依据患者所在区域疫情的严重程度采取相 应的救治路线。

(4)首选药物保守治疗:疫情期间,为防止院内交叉感染,对不能排除 COVID-19 的心血管急危重症患者尽量采取优化药物治疗。

后来,随着新冠病毒疫情形势的进展,湖北省新冠肺炎疫情防控指挥部陆续发布了关于ACS诊治管理工作指南,湖北省现阶段ACS诊治的基本原则具体为:

一、 ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)

1. 早期、快速并完全的开通梗死相关动脉(IRA)是改善STEMI患者预后的关键。因此在将新冠肺炎按甲类传染病进行防控的基础上,应通过开放胸痛中心绿色通道尽量缩短心肌缺血总时间。

2. 发病<3h的STEMI,直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与溶栓同效,为降低潜在感染风险,溶栓优先,溶栓同时完善新冠肺炎排查流程。

3. 发病>3h的STEMI

(1) 对于确诊新冠肺炎的STEMI患者,再灌注治疗时间窗内,溶栓优先;溶栓禁忌或溶栓失败,即行直接或补救性PCI;

(2) 对于疑似新冠肺炎的STEMI患者,建议综合评估PCI和感控风险,若获益大于风险,则在指定隔离导管室进行直接PCI。

4. 对于排除新冠肺炎、并处于再灌注时间窗内的STEMI患者,优选直接PCI。

二、 非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)

通过病史、临床表现及辅助检查综合评估患者是否合并新冠肺炎,并采用危险评分系统(如GRACE)对患者进行风险分类:

1. NSTEMI高危患者:建议综合评估PCI和感控风险,若获益大于风险,则在指定隔离导管室进行PCI;

2. NSTEMI中低危患者:药物治疗为主。如NSTEMI演变为STEMI,后续步骤同STEMI处理流程。

最后,严江涛教授强调,疫情防控期间ACS的诊治也需要多学科多团队的综合评估,流程简要分为:

1. 急诊科(首诊)

2. 影像科(肺部影像学结果判读)

3. 检验科(病原学或血清学检测、结果判读)

4. 呼吸内科、感染科(新冠肺炎诊治)

5. 心血管内科团队(溶栓或直接PCI)

6. 医务行政部门(人员协调及资源支持)

7. 其他相关科室

总之,疫情期间心血管危急重症的救治,需要在严格遵守《中国传染病防治法》的基础上,因地施策,因人施治,并注重在疫情下全力救治心血管危急重症患者过程中不断总结经验,只有每个环节都能做到严谨、准确,疫情期间高危ACS患者的诊治才能有所保障。

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    2021-02-04 一叶知秋
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    2020-04-25 yaanren
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    2020-04-23 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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