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Brain:脑淀粉样血管病与神经炎性淀粉样斑块协同作用引发认知功能下降

2022-07-28 brainnew神内神外 brainnew神内神外

更严重的CAA病理水平和更高的实质Aβ负担是通过tau负担间接与认知能力下降协同相关。这些发现突出了CAA和阿尔茨海默病病理之间的动态相互作用,加速了阿尔茨海默病的临床和病理进展。这些结果对阿尔茨海默

2022年6月27日,来自加拿大多伦多Sunnybrook研究中心的Jennifer S. Rabin团队在Brain杂志在线发表了文章“Cerebral amyloid angiopathy interacts with neuritic amyloid plaques to promote tau and cognitive decline”。在该研究中,作者招募了来自美国三个研究团队的1722名患者,并收集了患者的临床、病理资料,以研究(1)脑血管淀粉样变(Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA)是否独立地或与β-淀粉样蛋白负荷协同影响tau蛋白沉积和认知能力下降;以及(2)tau蛋白沉积负荷是否在脑血管淀粉样变和认知功能减退之间起到了中介作用。

研究结果

β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积于细胞外形成老年斑和tau蛋白沉积于细胞内聚集为神经纤维缠结,这两种病理改变常常在AD脑中并存,增加患者认知障碍和痴呆的风险。但目前尚不清楚脑血管的病理改变是否能够独立影响AD的疾病进展,损害认知功能。本文中,作者致力于研究以下三个问题:(1)CAA是否与阿尔茨海默病的病理相互影响,从而加速痴呆症的临床进展; (2)CAA对tau蛋白沉积的影响和(3)CAA是否在tau蛋白的调节作用下,同Aβ负荷一起协同作用导致患者认知功能下降。

图1 研究分析图解。(A)评估tau蛋白是否介导CAA与淀粉样斑块负荷对认知损害,黑色箭头为研究主线,灰色箭头为其他可能的作用途径。(B)按淀粉样斑块的分层分析。

作者招募了三项纵向临床-病理队列:Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center研究中心the Religious Orders Study(拥有自1994年起来自全美40余个地区的(信教)患者)、the Memory and aging project(1997年开始来自芝加哥市中心的老年患者)和Minority Aging Research Study(自2004年开始来自芝加哥美籍非裔)的1722名患者,每名患者每年接受临床评估、认知功能评估。脑活检标本来自Religious Orders Study、the Memory and Aging Project。

在进行分析时,三个队列中登记有4459名患者,其中2330名患者已经死亡。1834名患者同意捐赠遗体,其中79%的遗体捐献患者接受尸检。研究人员对1789名患者行脑活检,并对1728名患者的资料进行了横断面分析。此外,研究人员还对1715名患者进行了长期分析。患者在基础状态时以及每次随访都接受了多个认知功能评估,包括情景记忆、工作记忆、语义记忆、感知速度和视觉感知能力/感知定向能力。对于抑郁、血管风险因素或血管状况(糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、肥胖、高胆固醇、自我报告的跛行、中风、心脏病和充血性心力衰竭)、种族,性别/性别(自我性别认知)和受教育年限(完成学业的年限)等协变量进行了分析。

Table 1:横断面分析中包括的1722名尸检参与者的基线人口学信息,包括总体和按低CAA(无/轻度)和高CAA(中度/重度)分层。

横断面研究分析CAA严重程度与神经斑块负荷[相关系数:0.40;95%可信区间:0.36~0.44]和tau蛋白沉积负荷[相关系数:0.33;95%可信区间:0.28~0.37]均呈正相关。对CAA严重程度和神经斑块负荷之间关系的评估显示呈单一相关性 (图2),进一步表明这两个变量评估不同的生物学结构。相反,我们观察到CAA严重程度和tau蛋白沉积负荷之间呈单一正相关(图2),而且这种关联似乎受神经斑块负荷的影响(图3)。

图2根据CAA严重程度显示神经斑块和tau水平。

 

图3 CAA严重程度的平均tau蛋白沉积负荷按低与高的神经斑块负荷分层。

 

图4根据CAA严重程度分层的神经斑块负荷和tau负荷之间的关系

 

图5神经斑块负荷和CAA严重程度的认知轨迹。

 

图6 根据神经斑块负荷分层,tau蛋白在CAA与认知能力下降关系中的中介作用

总之,研究人员通过对一个大规模、特征明确的尸检样本进行研究发现,更严重的CAA病理水平和更高的实质Aβ负担是通过tau负担间接与认知能力下降协同相关。这些发现突出了CAA和阿尔茨海默病病理之间的动态相互作用,加速了阿尔茨海默病的临床和病理进展。这些结果对阿尔茨海默病的临床试验和治疗发展具有重要意义。
目前为止,CAA和Aβ病理的相互作用促进tau蛋白沉积的机制尚不清楚。一种可能性是Aβ聚集在血管壁上(即CAA),导致通过血管周围引流途径的Aβ清除减少。此外,严重的CAA和实质性的Aβ负担协同影响认知能力下降。

参考文献

Rabin, Jennifer S et al. “Cerebral amyloid angiopathy interacts with neuritic amyloid plaques to promote tau and cognitive decline.” Brain : a journal of neurology, awac178. 27 Jun. 2022, doi:10.1093/brain/awac178

编译作者:  vickyw (Brainnews创作团队) 

校审:神经小子 (Brainnews编辑部)

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    2022-07-29 那些年qq

    学习了,很有用!

    0

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