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2012搞笑诺奖:解剖学奖:看屁股识黑猩猩

2014-09-10 老猫 果壳网

2012年搞笑诺贝尔奖的“解剖学奖”,颁发给了具有荷兰、美国双重国籍的弗朗斯·德瓦尔(Frans de Waal)与美国人詹尼佛·克莱格(Jennifer P. Craig)。这两位科学家在研究黑猩猩的性别识别时,意外地发现了黑猩猩仅仅通过屁股的照片就可以认出别的黑猩猩!正是这份“副产品”,让弗朗斯和詹尼佛获得了这个奖项。(http://www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS/)

2012年搞笑诺贝尔奖的“解剖学奖”,颁发给了具有荷兰、美国双重国籍的弗朗斯·德瓦尔(Frans de Waal)与美国人詹尼佛·克莱格(Jennifer P. Craig)。这两位科学家在研究黑猩猩的性别识别时,意外地发现了黑猩猩仅仅通过屁股的照片就可以认出别的黑猩猩!正是这份“副产品”,让弗朗斯和詹尼佛获得了这个奖项。(http://www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS/

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这篇发表于2008年的论文内容集中在黑猩猩的性别建立上。弗朗斯和詹尼佛训练了6只黑猩猩,让它们在电脑分析分黑猩猩的照片——如果它们将黑猩猩的面部图像与臀部图像成功配对,它们就可以得到奖励。

其中的一组实验,是给出的两张性别相同的黑猩猩的面部照片,让被测黑猩猩判断臀部的照片是谁的。实验结果表明:如果被测黑猩猩认识照片里的黑猩猩的话,被测的黑猩猩可以毫无压力地完成任务;而如果是陌生黑猩猩的照片,电脑前的黑猩猩则无从选择。这项结果表明黑猩猩不仅认识朋友的脸,也认识朋友的屁股。

文章中使用的实验设计:给出臀部的照片,让黑猩猩选择相应的面部照片。

文章中使用的实验设计:给出臀部的照片,让黑猩猩选择相应的面部照片。

另一组实验用的是不同性别的黑猩猩的面部照片,让被测黑猩猩判断臀部照片的归属。最开始的时候,只有面部和臀部照片属于同一只熟悉的黑猩猩,被测猩猩才能做出正确的选择;而随着实验的进行,被测的猩猩学会了将相同性别的黑猩猩照片联系起来,哪怕臀部的照片并不与任何个体所匹配。这表明与群体成员交流的得到第一手经验可以形成“性别结构”,而后者可以帮助黑猩猩形成正确的性别感知。

对于黑猩猩而言,看见同伴的臀部远比人类简单得太多。(图片:nationalgeographic) 
对于黑猩猩而言,看见同伴的臀部远比人类简单得太多。(图片:nationalgeographic)

“狗会通过臀部的气味来识别对方,对于黑猩猩而言,嗅觉可能也是一个有用的方法。不过即便仅从视觉方面来看,通过肿胀的臀部区分不同的黑猩猩个体可能也会比通过面部识别来的要容易得多。黑猩猩的臀部肿胀、粉嫩且无毛,不同的个体上有着独特的形状。而雌性黑猩猩肿胀的臀部在排卵期变得更加突出,对于雄性而言具有额外的吸引力——在这种情况下,它们用视觉来处理屁股这个信号显得尤为合理。”莎拉·布罗斯南(Sarah Brosnan),曾与弗朗斯·德瓦尔一同工作过,现就职于佐治亚州立大学的一位灵长类动物学家表示。

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    2015-07-31 gujh
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    2014-09-12 hb2013ye
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