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外周血嗜酸粒细胞可以作为慢阻肺的生物标记物吗?

2018-08-08 佚名 医师报

近年来,国际指南对慢阻肺的定义、发病机制、评估、个体化治疗、急性加重及合并症等方面均进行了全面修改,其中一些观点尚需在临床上进一步验证,因而引发国内外慢阻肺领域专家学者的广泛讨论。让我们一起聆听国内专家的剖析,共同探讨慢阻肺的国际热议话题。


近年来,国际指南对慢阻肺的定义、发病机制、评估、个体化治疗、急性加重及合并症等方面均进行了全面修改,其中一些观点尚需在临床上进一步验证,因而引发国内外慢阻肺领域专家学者的广泛讨论。让我们一起聆听国内专家的剖析,共同探讨慢阻肺的国际热议话题。

中国专家PK国际热议话题

外周血嗜酸粒细胞可以作为慢性阻塞性肺疾病的生物标记物吗?

正方 广西医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科 

何志义:外周血嗜酸粒细胞 可作为慢阻肺的生物标记物

嗜酸粒细胞可以预测稳定期慢阻肺对吸入糖皮质激素的反应  具有高外周血嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数的慢阻肺患者急性加重的次数更多,而吸入糖皮质激素可以通过控制EOS气道炎症减少慢阻肺急性加重。WISDOM研究事后分析显示:血EOS用不同的界值(>4%,>2%,或者≥300个/uL),停止使用吸入激素治疗后急性加重风险增加。

EOS可以预测全身糖皮质激素对慢阻肺急性加重的治疗反应  全身糖皮质激素治疗中度或重度慢阻肺急性加重,可减少治疗失败(再次治疗,住院或者死亡),降低住院时间,改善肺功能,提高生活质量。但全身糖皮质激素会引起血糖升高、骨质疏松、体重增加、感染等副作用,外周血EOS可指导泼尼松龙治疗慢阻肺急性加重。相较于外周血EOS计数低(<2%)的慢阻肺急性加重期患者,外周血EOS计数高(≥2%)的慢阻肺急性加重期患者对糖皮质激素的反应性更好,相关症状迅速缓解以及治疗失败减少。

EOS在慢阻肺治疗中起到生物靶点作用  白细胞介素-5(IL-5)是EOS募集、成熟、活化和脱颗粒的关键细胞因子,美泊珠单抗是一种针对IL-5的单克隆抗体,100 mg美泊珠单抗治疗具有EOS表型的慢阻肺患者可以降低中或重度慢阻肺急性加重率,高EOS炎症与慢阻肺急性加重相关,血EOS计数可以在精准医疗中指导美泊珠单抗的使用。

外周血EOS与痰EOS具有相关性  大约10%~40%的慢阻肺患者存在痰EOS增多(> 3%),稳定期慢阻肺患者的痰EOS可预测激素类药物的临床反应性,但通过诱导痰测量EOS气道炎症的取样麻烦且耗时长,多数病人并不能提供足够量的痰液样本,在及时性和保存上也存在问题。

外周血EOS可以替代痰EOS作为EOS气道炎症的生物标记物,在慢阻肺急性加重期治疗中起预测作用,指导慢阻肺的激素治疗。

这些研究表明,外周血EOS作为慢性阻塞性肺疾病的生物标记物,可以在预测慢阻肺进展、判断慢阻肺预后和评估药物治疗效果方面起到相当不错的作用。

反方 广西医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科

白晶:外周血嗜酸粒细胞  作为慢阻肺的生物标记物还为时尚早

外周血EOS在激素治疗和肺功能的预测作用上存在不同声音FLAME研究发现LABA/LAMA(茚达特罗格隆溴铵)与ICS/LABA(氟替卡松/沙美特罗)对慢阻肺患者急性加重的影响不依赖外周血EOS计数,虽然随着血EOS计数增加,LABA/LAMA相比ICS/LABA获益逐渐递减。茚达特罗格隆溴铵对比ICS/LABA有更强的支气管扩张作用,且茚达特罗和格隆溴铵各自均有很强的减少慢阻肺急性加重的效果,这可能掩盖了血EOS的预测价值。BOPCO队列研究将慢阻肺按不同的外周血EOS阈值分为高EOS组和低EOS组(≥2% vs. <2%, ≥3% vs. <3%, 和≥4% vs. <4%),三年生存率、急性加重率、哮喘既往史、支气管扩张剂后肺活量等均没有差别。

外周血EOS与痰EOS的相关性并没有想象中的好  有研究发现,在慢阻肺稳定期,外周血EOS百分比和绝对值计数无法用于预测痰EOS的百分比,而在慢阻肺急性加重期,外周血EOS百分比和绝对值计数与痰EOS百分比有较强的相关性。SPIROMICS研究发现尽管EOS计数与EOS计数存在一个薄弱但重要的联系,但存在高达72%的错误发现率,单独的血EOS不是评估慢阻肺严重度、急性加重或预测痰EOS的可靠生物标志物。

外周血EOS作为生物标记物的界值选择存在争议  EOS作为生物标志物的界值的选择,最常见的界值是将血EOS占总白细胞计数的2%作为界值,但也有研究将EOS绝对值计数340个/uL作为界值,但是EOS百分比、绝对值计数的明确界值至今仍未确定。

外周血EOS作为慢阻肺的生物标记物并未达成广泛的共识,对于外周血EOS是否可以单独作为慢阻肺生物标记尚有争议。

点评

北京大学第三医院呼吸与危重症医学科 陈亚红:

既往仅依据肺功能气流受限的严重程度去评估慢阻肺,近些年来逐渐认识到慢阻肺具有表型多样性,发现患者间差异的一种或几种疾病特征,与临床预后(如症状、急性加重、对治疗反应、疾病进展速率或死亡)相关。从临床的角度,慢阻肺表型应该能将患者区分为不同的亚组,并提供预后信息,有助于选择更合适的治疗方法来改善患者预后;从研究的角度,表型有助于在临床试验中选择较为均一的患者群,是最重要的预后评价指标;表型也是机制研究的基础。因此寻找能够指导治疗、判断预后的生物标志一直是表型研究的热点。

何志义教授根据一些研究证据指出,外周血EOS可以预测稳定期慢阻肺对吸入糖皮质激素的反应,预测全身糖皮质激素对慢阻肺急性加重的治疗反应,在慢阻肺治疗中起到生物靶点作用,同时外周血EOS与痰EOS具有相关性。

白晶教授则用另外一些研究证据提出了反对意见。尽管外周血EOS作为慢阻肺的一种生物标志物仍存在争议,但是越来越多的前瞻性临床试验、临床数据事后分析和对单克隆抗体的研究表明EOS可以助于管理临床决策,用于预测慢阻肺急性加重的风险、住院时间、死亡率以及对激素的反应,对患者进行个体化管理。而旨在抑制慢阻肺患者中EOS炎症的试验显示,EOS在慢阻肺的发病机制中发挥重要作用,但机制尚未充分了解。EOS作为生物标记物至少在研究层面具有足够的相关性、有效性和可重复性。

因此,需要更多的关于EOS作为生物标记物的前瞻性临床研究和事后分析结果,这对于了解慢阻肺发病机制,推进个体化药物治疗和精准医学发展,提高慢阻肺患者的预后、减轻经济负担具有积极意义。

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904511, encodeId=718b19045117f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b8aa619690e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#标记物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61969, encryptionId=b8aa619690e, topicName=标记物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Wed Jan 09 12:44:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1345376, encodeId=19ef13453e605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8907693e0fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物标记#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69370, encryptionId=8907693e0fa, topicName=生物标记)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=278f2500221, createdName=12498fa0m11暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Aug 10 10:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1349939, encodeId=9c8513499392e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3a59693e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物标记物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69371, encryptionId=3a59693e129, topicName=生物标记物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55ce62, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Fri Aug 10 10:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1578542, encodeId=b9aa15e8542b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd724282021' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#外周血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42820, encryptionId=fd724282021, topicName=外周血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a31916414168, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Aug 10 10:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=337377, encodeId=6a5333e3779b, content=学习一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Wed Aug 08 22:21:56 CST 2018, time=2018-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-08 天地飞扬

    学习一下,谢谢分享!

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