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Cell Metabolism:严俊课题组揭示巨噬细胞促进肿瘤转移的详细机制

2021-09-26 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

肿瘤转移是引起癌症死亡的主要原因。前期研究表明先天免疫细胞特别是巨噬细胞在肿瘤转移中扮演非常重要的角色。巨噬细胞不仅可以促进肿瘤的发生发展,而且在建立肿瘤转移前的免疫抑制微环境中起着十分重要的作用。

肿瘤转移是引起癌症死亡的主要原因。前期研究表明先天免疫细胞特别是巨噬细胞在肿瘤转移中扮演非常重要的角色。巨噬细胞不仅可以促进肿瘤的发生发展,而且在建立肿瘤转移前的免疫抑制微环境中起着十分重要的作用。

但是在肿瘤转移前微环境中,巨噬细胞是如何获取免疫抑制功能从而促进肿瘤转移的机制尚未阐明。

2021年9月23日,美国路易维尔大学肿瘤中心严俊教授课题组在 Cell Metabolism 上发表了题为:Tumor-derived exosomes drive immunosuppressive macrophages in a pre-metastatic niche through glycolytic dominant metabolic reprogramming 的研究论文。

该研究发现原发肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体(TDEs)可以诱导肿瘤转移前微环境中的组织寄住巨噬细胞上调免疫抑制分子PD-L1和分泌大量乳酸,从而建立免疫抑制微环境促进肿瘤转移。

首先他们证明了小鼠肺癌细胞外泌体可以促进原发肿瘤的肺转移。肺组织切片检查发现有大量的PD-L1阳性巨噬细胞。体外实验证明这些PD-L1不是从外泌体转移过来的,而是通过从头合成途径上调PD-L1的表达。肿瘤外泌体刺激的巨噬细胞在体外具有很强的抑制效应T细胞的功能。进一步的机制研究表明肿瘤外泌体中损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs)分子HMGB-1通过活化TLR2-NF-kB 信号通路从而改变巨噬细胞的表型和功能。

巨噬细胞的分化和功能获取和细胞代谢有着密切的关系。传统的观点认为具有抗肿瘤效应的巨噬细胞通常利用糖酵解途径攫取能量,而促进肿瘤细胞生长的巨噬细胞则主要利用氧化磷酸化途径作为能量来源。

此项研究表明肿瘤细胞外泌体刺激的巨噬细胞主要利用糖酵解途径产生乳酸,而且通过产生一氧化氮进一步抑制线粒体电子传递链(ECT)氧化磷酸化途径从而产生更多的乳酸。进一步的研究表明乳酸可以直接活化NF-kB信号通路从而上调PD-L1的表达。作者通过一系列的体内实验同样证明这一机制。

文章的最后一部份工作是用人肿瘤细胞外泌体同样证明可以刺激单核细胞上调PD-L1和分泌乳酸。为了验证人体内的情况,作者们选用了没有转移的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病人的淋巴结来模拟转移前微环境,用来自肺移植供体的淋巴结作为正常人对照。研究发现虽然这些淋巴结都是从没有转移的病人来的,但是和正常人淋巴结比较,先天免疫细胞特别是巨噬细胞已经发生改变。有一部份病人的淋巴结中巨噬细胞高表达PD-L1,而且和原发肿瘤外泌体释放相关基因的表达水平呈正相关。

这项研究不仅阐明了在转移前微环境中巨噬细胞转变为免疫抑制细胞的机制,更为临床上如何早期发现肿瘤转移提供了线索。

此项研究是路易维尔大学多中心合作的结果,也得到浙江大学浙二医院黄建教授课题组的支持。第一作者为博士生 Samantha Morrissey,通讯作者路易维尔大学冠名教授,肿瘤中心免疫治疗中心主任严俊教授,严俊课题组专注肿瘤微环境中先天免疫细胞特别是巨噬细胞的调节及分化。此项发现也为如何更有效地治疗肿瘤及预防转移提供了新的思路。

原始出处:

Samantha M.Morrissey, et al. Tumor-derived exosomes drive immunosuppressive macrophages in a pre-metastatic niche through glycolytic dominant metabolic reprogramming. Cell Metabolism, 2021.

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    2021-10-29 一闲
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    2022-03-08 维他命
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    2022-03-30 guojianrong
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    2021-09-28 zhaojie88

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