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Nat Neurosci:治疗神经胶母细胞瘤新药物

2014-01-10 中国科学报 中国科学报

对大脑免疫细胞的药物刺激会降低患脑癌小鼠体内成癌干细胞的扩散,这是《自然—神经科学》上一项研究给出的结论。这项研究同时也为治疗神经胶母细胞瘤这种最具侵入性的脑瘤之一提供了一种潜在的治疗药物。 恶性脑瘤之所以会对传统疗法具有抗性,因为一种名为脑瘤启动细胞(BTIC)的成癌干细胞的存在。BTIC是一种可自我恢复的类干细胞。在神经胶母细胞瘤患者体内,BTIC通常被免疫细胞包围,比如小神经胶质细胞和巨噬

对大脑免疫细胞的药物刺激会降低患脑癌小鼠体内成癌干细胞的扩散,这是《自然—神经科学》上一项研究给出的结论。这项研究同时也为治疗神经胶母细胞瘤这种最具侵入性的脑瘤之一提供了一种潜在的治疗药物。

恶性脑瘤之所以会对传统疗法具有抗性,因为一种名为脑瘤启动细胞(BTIC)的成癌干细胞的存在。BTIC是一种可自我恢复的类干细胞。在神经胶母细胞瘤患者体内,BTIC通常被免疫细胞包围,比如小神经胶质细胞和巨噬细胞这类不断监测中央神经系统组织并提供一线免疫防御的细胞。

V. Wee Yong等人从病人脑瘤中提取出免疫细胞并研究其对BTIC生长的影响。他们发现这类免疫细胞对减少BTIC的扩散效果甚微,但是从未得脑瘤的病人体内获取的免疫细胞却能减少BTIC的生长。随后,Yong等人通过筛查测试小分子化合物库后发现,一种名为两性霉素B的药物可通过激活巨噬细胞和小神经胶质细胞的方式减少BTIC扩散。当研究人员将两性霉素B用于含有人源BTIC的小鼠时,小鼠存活时间增加了近一倍,脑瘤生长率也有显著降低。

虽然两性霉素B作为一种抗真菌药物已获得美国药监局批准,但该药在静脉注射剂量过大时,会引起发烧或多重器官衰竭等严重或者潜在致命的副作用。因此,在将两性霉素B或类似免疫激活药物作为神经胶母细胞瘤治疗手段之前,还需要进一步研究来确定其安全性和可行性。

原文阅读:

Sarkar S1, Döring A2, Zemp FJ3, Silva C1, Lun X4, Wang X4, Kelly J1, Hader W1, Hamilton M1, Mercier P1, Dunn JF5, Kinniburgh D6, van Rooijen N7, Robbins S4, Forsyth P4, Cairncross G8, Weiss S5, Yong VW1.Therapeutic activation of macrophages and microglia to suppress brain tumor-initiating cells.Nat Neurosci. 2014 Jan;17(1):46-55. doi: 10.1038/nn.3597. Epub 2013 Dec 8.

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    2014-02-26 liye789132251
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    2014-01-12 lsndxfj
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