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SSO-ASTRO一致意见:大手术切缘不减少同侧乳腺癌复发风险

2014-02-26 shumufeng dxy

没有证据显示与墨染处无肿瘤相比大手术切缘会额外减少同侧乳腺癌复发风险。指南建议一些女性不必行手术治疗,并鼓励患者尽可能选择乳房肿瘤切除术而非全乳切除术。2013年,美国外科肿瘤学会(SSO) 及美国放疗肿瘤学会 (ASTRO) 共同组建了一个专家小组,以探讨手术切缘宽度与同侧乳腺癌复发风险之间的关系,并共同推出了一部关于 I期 和 II 期浸润性乳腺癌患者行保乳手术并全乳放疗的手术边缘指南。研究者

没有证据显示与墨染处无肿瘤相比大手术切缘会额外减少同侧乳腺癌复发风险。指南建议一些女性不必行手术治疗,并鼓励患者尽可能选择乳房肿瘤切除术而非全乳切除术。

2013年,美国外科肿瘤学会(SSO) 及美国放疗肿瘤学会 (ASTRO) 共同组建了一个专家小组,以探讨手术切缘宽度与同侧乳腺癌复发风险之间的关系,并共同推出了一部关于 I期 和 II 期浸润性乳腺癌患者行保乳手术并全乳放疗的手术边缘指南。研究者对有关手术边缘宽度与同侧乳腺癌复发风险的关系展开荟萃分析,他们对1965年至2013年1月发表的33项相关研究进行系统综述,这些研究共纳入了28162例基于原始证据确诊的患者。

SSO-ASTRO 指南日前发表于 Annals of Surgical Oncology,  International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics,  以及 Journal of Clinical Oncology等杂志。

大手术边缘较“墨染处无肿瘤”无额外获益

专家组首先要解决的问题是:手术切缘多大可使同侧乳腺癌复发风险最小化?循证综述并不支持对无癌细胞累及的健康乳腺组织行大范围常规切除,这一发现与患者年龄或浸润性、三阴性癌症类型等特征无关。专家希望这一指南能够使更多的患者免于不必要的全乳切除术,并鼓励患者在医疗条件允许的情况下,选择乳房肿瘤切除术而非全乳切除术。

推荐:

阳性切缘同侧乳腺癌复发风险的绝对增加值是多少?使用调强放疗、全身性治疗或良好的肿瘤生物学特征是否可减少上述风险的增加?

推荐:阳性边缘,定义为墨染处有浸润性癌或原位导管癌(DCIS),与同侧乳腺癌复发风险至少增加一倍相关。复发风险的增加不会因调强放疗、全身性治疗(内分泌治疗,化疗、生物治疗)、或良性生物学特征而变小。(证据等级:来自对前瞻性试验和回顾性研究的荟萃分析和二次数据分析)
 
切缘宽度大比“墨染处无肿瘤细胞”可减少同侧乳腺癌复发风险吗?

推荐:阴性切缘(墨染处无肿瘤)可达到同侧乳腺癌复发风险最小化。更宽的手术切缘不会明显减少上述风险,不提倡获得大阴性切缘的常规实践。(评级水平:荟萃分析和回顾性研究)
 
内分泌治疗或生物学靶向治疗或全身性化疗对同侧乳腺癌复发的影响如何?未接受任何全身性治疗的患者应获得更大的手术切缘吗?

推荐:同侧乳腺癌复发风险随全身性治疗而减少。对于极少数未接受辅助全身性治疗的患者而言,没有证据提示大手术切缘比“墨染处无肿瘤”更有价值。(证据水平:多项随机试验和荟萃分析)
 
对于不良生物学亚型,如三阴性乳腺癌而言,大手术切缘优于“墨染处无肿瘤”吗?

推荐:基于不同的生物学亚型,与“墨染处无肿瘤”相比,不推荐大手术切缘。(证据水平:多项回顾性研究)
 
当确定予以全乳放疗时,是否应考虑大手术切缘?

推荐:选择全乳放疗、分割放疗及剂量调强放疗等治疗不取决于手术切缘大小。(证据水平:多项回顾性研究)
 
切缘处存在原位小叶癌是否再手术的标志物?

推荐:大阴性边缘与墨染处无肿瘤相比,前者更适于浸润性小叶癌。切缘处存在典型原位小叶癌并非需再手术切除的预后因子。手术切缘处出现多形原位小叶癌的临床意义还不明确。(证据水平:多项回顾性研究)
 
年轻患者(不到40岁)是否应考虑大手术切缘?

推荐:年龄小于40岁的年轻患者往往与保乳手术后乳腺癌复发风险增加以及全乳切除术后胸壁原位复发风险增加相关,且更多与不良生物学及病理学特征相关。没有证据表明增加手术切缘对年轻患者人群同侧乳腺癌复发风险增加无益。(证据水平:前瞻性随机试验和回顾性研究的二次数据分析)
 
肿瘤样本中广泛导管内癌成分的意义如何?以及它对手术切缘将产生何种影响?

推荐:广泛导管内癌成分可用于甄别乳房肿瘤切除术后大残留 DCIS 负担的患者。没有证据表明阴性切缘与同侧乳腺癌复发风险增加相关。(证据水平:回顾性研究)

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