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Obstet Gynecol:宫内节育器可降低宫颈癌风险

2017-11-09 佚名 中国生物技术网

一项新研究发现,使用宫内节育器的女性患宫颈癌的风险更低。

一项新研究发现,使用宫内节育器的女性患宫颈癌的风险更低。

美国南加利福尼亚大学凯克医学院(Keck School of Medicine)的研究人员首次结合宫内节育器和宫颈癌的多项研究资料,分析包括来自16项高质量观察性研究的数据,涉及全世界12,000多名女性。研究结果已发表在11月7日的《Obstetrics & Gynecology》期刊上。该研究结果表明,使用宫内节育器(IUD)的女性患宫颈癌的风险降低三分之一。

IUD是一种植入到女性子宫中的小型的T形器具。有两种:铜的IUD可以扰乱精子的运动,激素的IUD可以抑制子宫内膜增厚,从而防止怀孕。

凯克医学院临床预防医学副教授Victoria Cortessis说:“我们发现的模式很令人惊讶,它一点也不复杂。如果女性使用节育环,那么她们患宫颈癌风险降低的可能性非常大。”

科学家们说,还需要更多的研究工作来理解IUD是如何保护女性不患宫颈癌的。人们推测,放置这种器具能够刺激子宫颈的免疫反应,使身体能够对抗已经存在的人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染,HPV通常与高风险宫颈癌相关。另一种可能性是,在IUD被移除时,一些含有HPV病毒或癌症前期病变组织的宫颈细胞也被带出去了。

研究人员还没有确定IUD种类或使用时间是否会造成不同。妇产科学专家Laila Muderspach说:“如果我们能够确定放置IUD会激发身体的免疫反应,那么我们就可以开始在临床试验中研究IUD是否能够清除持续的HPV感染。我们的研究成果非常令人兴奋,而且具有巨大的潜力。”

根据世界卫生组织的数据,在2012年,大约有528000名女性被诊断患上宫颈癌,266000名女性死于宫颈癌。到2035年,WHO估计,这两个数字将分别达到756000和416000。

论文指出,因为这些研究在HPV疫苗可用之前完成,所以这些发现与30岁以上且没有接种疫苗的女性最相关。

Cortessis说:“发展中国家女性进入到这个年龄段的数量正在增加,而30至60岁这个年龄段患宫颈癌的风险最高。即使宫颈癌的发病率稳定,但是患病女性的数量却会继续增加。IUD可以作为对抗这种趋势的工具。”

英国癌症研究中心的Jasmine Just博士说:“该研究非常有趣,对于宫颈癌发病率很高而且宫颈筛查和HPV疫苗不足的国家来说非常重要。然而还有未解决的问题,比如哪种类型的IUD保护作用最强,需要使用多久才有保护作用等。对于发达国家的女性,参加宫颈筛查并且接种HPV疫苗是减少宫颈癌风险的最有效方法,而且记住:不要吸烟。”

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    2018-01-08 zhaojie88
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    2017-12-08 sjq027
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    2017-11-11 一闲
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