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Neurology:伴额叶和延髓脊髓受累的亚历山大病

2018-08-15 zyx整理 神经科病例撷英拾粹

28岁女性,14个月大时诊断为亚历山大病(AxD),22岁时出现延髓脊髓小脑症状。脑MRI可见额叶白质异常信号伴强化(图1),提示I型AxD,延髓和颈髓萎缩以及脑干软脑膜FLAIR高信号(图2),提示II型,GFAP 测序显示p.Arg88Cys杂合突变。

28岁女性,14个月大时诊断为亚历山大病(AxD),22岁时出现延髓脊髓小脑症状。脑MRI可见额叶白质异常信号伴强化(图1),提示I型AxD,延髓和颈髓萎缩以及脑干软脑膜FLAIR高信号(图2),提示II型,GFAP 测序显示p.Arg88Cys杂合突变。

AxD根据起病年龄和中枢神经系统受累部位分为2个亚型。本例提示AxD可表现为同时具有I型和II型特征的中间类型。


(图1:T2WI[A]和T1WI[B]可见额叶受累为主的脑白质病变,脑室边缘呈T2低信号和T1高信号;增强T1[C]可见脑室周围区域对称强化;T2WI[D]和T1WI[E]可见基底节和脑室旁白质的信号改变,侧脑室前角尖端周围有局灶性靶样病变;增强T1[F]可见基底节病灶强化;这些影像学发现提示I型亚历山大病)


(图2:矢状位T2WI[A]可见延髓,小脑和上颈髓轻度萎缩和高信号病灶;FLAIR可见中脑[B],脑桥[C]和延髓[D]软脑膜信号改变;这些影像学发现提示II型亚历山大病)

原始出处:Nam TS1, Kang KW1, Choi SY1, Kim MK2. Teaching NeuroImages: Alexander disease with features of both frontal and bulbospinal involvement. Neurology. 2018 Jul 24;91(4):e396-e397.

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