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iScience:为什么你越减越肥?体内缺少这种蛋白,再怎么减肥都是白费!

2021-10-21 生物探索 生物探索

来自日本冲绳理工大学研究生院 (OIST) 的科研团队发现了其中的奥秘,他们在小鼠前脑内发现了一种蛋白质“XRN1”,它在调节食欲和新陈代谢方面起着关键作用。

据统计,全球有超过6.5亿成年人患有肥胖症。因此减肥俨然成了当下热门的话题,然而令人疑惑的是,为何有些人每天坚持减肥,体重却依旧不断上涨呢?

近日,来自日本冲绳理工大学研究生院 (OIST) 的科研团队发现了其中的奥秘,他们在小鼠前脑内发现了一种蛋白质“XRN1”,它在调节食欲和新陈代谢方面起着关键作用。相关研究以Neuronal XRN1 is required for maintenance of whole-body metabolichomeostasis为题发表于《iScience》杂志。

传统研究常以机体食物摄入量和能量消耗不均衡为切入点分析肥胖的根本原因,然而,这项最新的研究发现,大脑中的下丘脑作为调节内脏活动和内分泌活动的高级神经中枢,也在减肥中起着关键性作用。

因此,研究人员试图从大脑与身体各个部位(如胰腺、肝脏和脂肪组织)之间的关系入手,分析他们之间的交流是如何控制调节我们的食欲和新陈代谢的。

(图注:试验流程)

首先,研究人员建立了一种无法在前脑神经元子集中产生蛋白质“XRN1”的小鼠模型“Xrn1 –cKO”,并检测这些小鼠的进食量。研究发现体内无蛋白质“XRN1”的小鼠每日的进食量是正常小鼠的两倍,且在小鼠6周龄时,研究人员发现这些小鼠体重开始迅速增加,在12周龄时,小鼠体内有大量脂肪聚集,达到肥胖标准。

(图注:Camk2a-Cre介导大脑中Xrn1缺失导致小鼠肥胖和食欲过盛)

为了找到小鼠暴饮暴食的背后机理,研究人员检测了小鼠体内抑制饥饿的激素“瘦素”的水平。相关研究数据表明,与对照组相比,体内无蛋白质“XRN1”的小鼠血液中的瘦素水平异常高。但令人奇怪的是,作为一种由脂肪组织分泌的激素,瘦素本能激发动物的觅食行为,同时降低自身能量消耗,它在血清中的含量与动物脂肪组织大小成正比。当生物体的体脂增加时,血清中瘦素含量会升高,从而抑制进食并且加速新陈代谢。然而,尽管体内无蛋白质“XRN1”的小鼠血液中含有大量瘦素,可它们的食量却增加了!

在进一步的试验中,研究人员发现原来是蛋白质“XRN1”搞的鬼,它们会抵抗瘦素给小鼠带来的饥饿反应,同时会使Xrn1 -cKO 小鼠不能以脂肪作为能量来源,而是通过体内的碳水化合物获取能量。那么蛋白质“XRN1”到底是什么呢?为何它有如此神奇的功能呢?

研究人员指出,控制mRNA的稳定性和降解能力对于基因表达至关重要,其失调会导致各种疾病,包括癌症、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病和肥胖症。而XRN1 在基因活性中起着至关重要的作用,它主要参与信使RNA (mRNA) 降解的最后一步。在体内无蛋白质“XRN1”的小鼠下丘脑中,研究人员发现了大量用于编码AgRP蛋白的 mRNA,它能使AgRP 蛋白的含量升高,从而有效刺激小鼠食欲,使其食欲大增。

(图注:Xrn1-cKO小鼠表现出食欲和能量稳态相关基因的上调表达)

此外,该研究的通讯作者之一Akiko Yanagiya还表示:“由于瘦素通常会抑制AgRP 神经元的活性,因此AgRP 蛋白的增加以及其神经元的异常激活可能是小鼠体内的瘦素失去活性的原因之一”。

总而言之,这项研究表明肥胖可能是由中枢神经系统和外周组织之间的通讯失调引起的,且下丘脑中的 XRN1 蛋白的功能对于维持机体代谢稳态至关重要。尽管XRN1 缺失如何导致 AgRP 神经元激活增加的确切机制仍不清楚,但未来该研究团队将与相关神经科学研究单位合作,以确定大脑中都有哪些神经元和蛋白质参与食欲调节,为靶向治疗肥胖症提供新的思路。

原始出处:

Shohei Takaoka, et al. Neuronal XRN1 is required for maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. iScience, 2021.

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    2021-10-23 jichang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376365, encodeId=364913e636518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587925, encodeId=7a57158e92501, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062949, encodeId=31a51062949dc, content=这个可以查什么来确定?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 14:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062733, encodeId=5fb51062e339e, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644b2182796, createdName=1207866fm50(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Oct 21 21:16:16 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245257, encodeId=5814124525e42, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 16:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062594, encodeId=562310625943c, content=这个怎么检查?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 14:40:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-23 yankaienglish
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376365, encodeId=364913e636518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587925, encodeId=7a57158e92501, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062949, encodeId=31a51062949dc, content=这个可以查什么来确定?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 14:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062733, encodeId=5fb51062e339e, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644b2182796, createdName=1207866fm50(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Oct 21 21:16:16 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245257, encodeId=5814124525e42, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 16:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062594, encodeId=562310625943c, content=这个怎么检查?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 14:40:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-22 419040982

    这个可以查什么来确定?

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376365, encodeId=364913e636518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587925, encodeId=7a57158e92501, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062949, encodeId=31a51062949dc, content=这个可以查什么来确定?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 14:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062733, encodeId=5fb51062e339e, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644b2182796, createdName=1207866fm50(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Oct 21 21:16:16 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245257, encodeId=5814124525e42, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 16:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062594, encodeId=562310625943c, content=这个怎么检查?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 14:40:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-21 1207866fm50(暂无昵称)

    谢谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376365, encodeId=364913e636518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587925, encodeId=7a57158e92501, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062949, encodeId=31a51062949dc, content=这个可以查什么来确定?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 14:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062733, encodeId=5fb51062e339e, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644b2182796, createdName=1207866fm50(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Oct 21 21:16:16 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245257, encodeId=5814124525e42, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 16:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062594, encodeId=562310625943c, content=这个怎么检查?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 14:40:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-21 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376365, encodeId=364913e636518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587925, encodeId=7a57158e92501, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Sat Oct 23 04:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062949, encodeId=31a51062949dc, content=这个可以查什么来确定?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 14:44:31 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062733, encodeId=5fb51062e339e, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644b2182796, createdName=1207866fm50(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Oct 21 21:16:16 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245257, encodeId=5814124525e42, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 16:39:35 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062594, encodeId=562310625943c, content=这个怎么检查?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 14:40:07 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-21 419040982

    这个怎么检查?

    0

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