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清华新规思考,学术权力应该属于期刊还是大学?

2021-03-24 JACKZHAO MedSci原创

申请硕士学位不必发表学术论文,或成为中国高校改革风向?

院系设置-清华大学图片来源:清华大学

申请硕士学位不必发表学术论文,或成为中国高校改革风向?

近日,清华大学公布了最新修订完成的2020~2021学年度《攻读硕士学位研究生培养工作规定》(以下简称《规定》),其中明确提出不把发表学术论文作为申请学位论文答辩或申请学位的前置条件,引发行业热议。

该《规定》是清华大学硕士生培养的指导性文件,明确了硕士生的培养目标、培养方式、培养方案、课程(环节)学习、学位论文研究工作等基本要求。

旧版《规定》节选,https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/yjsy/info/1034/1058.htm

此前,清华大学旧版《规定》(1981—1982学年度第7次校务会议第一次通过,2010—2011学年度第15次校务会议修订)版中曾规定,发表学术论文要求为:非专业学位硕士生应至少完成一篇与学位论文内容相关且达到发表要求论文。各学科执行依据学科情况制定的由校学位委员会批准的方案。

这项新《规定》破除了此项硕士生学位评定中的“唯论文”的倾向,需要注意的是,清华大学这份新《规定》中也再次明确,坚持“学位论文是进行学位评定的主要依据”,要求硕士生“在指导教师指导下独立完成学位论文研究工作,相应形成的创新成果应当以学位论文的形式完整呈现”;“硕士生完成个人培养计划、达到所在学科或专业学位类别培养方案相关要求、完成学位论文工作并达到相关要求后,方可申请学位论文答辩”。

今年3月初,清华大学全校教职工大会上清华大学校长邱勇指出,大学不能把学术权力交给期刊的编辑和审稿人。这一度在社交网络上刷屏。他提到2020年没有一个清华学生因为发表SCI论文数量不够,而无法申请学位。但他也补充道,不“数论文”并非放松毕业要求,相反,对数量要求下降,意味着对论文质量要求的提升。

近年来,我国学术论文不管在数量还是质量方面都有长足进步。2018年1月18日,美国国家科学基金会发布报告称中国成为世界上最大的学术文章产出国,这也是国际范围内第一次公开承认中国在学术文章产出数量上超过美国。

科睿唯安所属数据库Web of Science收录的中国大陆地区学者参与发表的论文数量达到了39.8万篇,超过美国的38.6万篇。

高质量论文方面,据中国科学技术信息研究所去年年底发布的2020年中国科技论文统计结果显示,中国高质量国际论文数排名世界第2位,多所高校和科研机构进入前10行列。统计结果显示,2019年共有394种国际科技期刊入选世界各学科代表性科技期刊,发表高质量国际论文190661篇。中国发表高质量国际论文59867篇,占世界份额的31.4%,排在世界第2位。仅次于美国,美国发表论文数为62717篇,占32.9%。

《中国科技期刊发展蓝皮书(2020)》数据显示,2010—2019年,中国SCI收录期刊发表论文数占全球SCI论文总数的1.72%,同期中国作者发表的SCI论文数占全球SCI论文总数的比例达到18.06%。10年间,中国作者共发表SCI论文275.5万余篇,其中2.2万余篇发表在中国SCI收录期刊上,仅占8.10%,中国作者贡献了中国SCI收录期刊85.06%的论文。

国际学术影响力方面,英文科技期刊国际他引总被引频次呈上升趋势,年均增长率达20.66%,年被引频次同时呈上升趋势。这表明在国际学术交流中,我国英文学术期刊的地位和作用日益显现,得到国际知名数据库的关注并收录。

然而,长期以来,我国“唯论文”是高校评价体系中挥之不去的痼疾。目前国内科研成果和人才评价过于偏重SCI影响因子,对国内优秀科技期刊认可度不高,导致中国优秀科技论文争相到国外期刊发表,中国的科研成果无偿由国外编辑评判,创新成果在国外期刊首发。有专家指出,清华大学这项措施有利于破除“唯论文”顽疾,首先,这个理念在价值层面是正向的,接下来再讨论技术路线。怎样找到切实可行的办法,保证不降低培养水平、严把论文质量和毕业出口,还有较多研讨空间。没有发表论文的限制后,还要制定相应的配套措施去规范。

事实上,在国家层面,去年12月,教育部就发布了《关于破除高校哲学社会科学研究评价中“唯论文”不良导向的若干意见》,明确提出“十不得”,特别提及论文发表方面,“不得将在学术期刊上发表论文作为学位授予的唯一标准。”这旨在打破“唯论文”的不良导向。

该《意见》主要阐述要点还包括,建立论文质量中长期评价机制,国际期刊使用必须坚持正确价值导向,摆脱论文评价指标“唯客观化”,不得将SSCI、CSSCI等论文收录数、引用率和影响因子等指标与资源分配、物质奖励、绩效工资等简单挂钩,防止高额奖励论文。不得将SSCI、CSSCI等论文收录数作为导师岗位选聘、人才计划申报评审的唯一指标。更加看重科研成果的实际价值和社会贡献,更关注学位论文本身的水平和质量,不得将在学术期刊上发表论文作为学位授予的唯一标准。

从对人的评价转向到对成果的评价,不得将学历、职称等作为在教育系统学术期刊发表论文的限制性条件。厘清学术权力介入评价的限度和边界。不得多头评价、重复评价,严格控制涉及论文的评价活动数量和频次。提倡多维度论文质量评价,不得盲目采信、引用和宣传各类机构发布的排行榜,不过度依赖以论文发表情况为主要衡量指标的排行性评价。

清华大学的这项举措实践或将推广到更多高校的风向标,这将提升高校整体学术水平,但论文发表现状短时间内恐难以有很大改观。

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    2021-03-26 xsm923
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    2021-03-24 1e0bfbefm39(暂无匿称)

    回归学术,不要被杂志绑架

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500169, encodeId=0fe1150016908, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e6866216d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#清华#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66216, encryptionId=9e6866216d7, topicName=清华)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10f29422809, createdName=医生2397, createdTime=Fri Mar 26 07:08:06 CST 2021, time=2021-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574405, encodeId=bb4a15e4405ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3c2c586e23f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新规#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58672, encryptionId=3c2c586e23f, topicName=新规)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2ca16016783, createdName=xsm923, createdTime=Fri Mar 26 07:08:06 CST 2021, time=2021-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950832, encodeId=f9f0950832c5, content=回归学术,不要被杂志绑架, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2f6Tmc64KydltDQqJVEYZgFJdSdjq8h8icOQLm6BiaIO6Vkek7TtOzFNJDbMDo3cr5LUfIcPOHWO9E/0, createdBy=3dd11927311, createdName=1e0bfbefm39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 24 20:04:45 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950821, encodeId=27e295082150, content=这个问题很难除非评价体系改变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 18:53:41 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950801, encodeId=90e69508014d, content=学术权利属于期刊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 17:56:17 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950759, encodeId=dfa6950e59f6, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 16:40:05 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-24 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    这个问题很难除非评价体系改变

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500169, encodeId=0fe1150016908, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e6866216d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#清华#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66216, encryptionId=9e6866216d7, topicName=清华)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10f29422809, createdName=医生2397, createdTime=Fri Mar 26 07:08:06 CST 2021, time=2021-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574405, encodeId=bb4a15e4405ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3c2c586e23f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新规#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58672, encryptionId=3c2c586e23f, topicName=新规)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2ca16016783, createdName=xsm923, createdTime=Fri Mar 26 07:08:06 CST 2021, time=2021-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950832, encodeId=f9f0950832c5, content=回归学术,不要被杂志绑架, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2f6Tmc64KydltDQqJVEYZgFJdSdjq8h8icOQLm6BiaIO6Vkek7TtOzFNJDbMDo3cr5LUfIcPOHWO9E/0, createdBy=3dd11927311, createdName=1e0bfbefm39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 24 20:04:45 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950821, encodeId=27e295082150, content=这个问题很难除非评价体系改变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 18:53:41 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950801, encodeId=90e69508014d, content=学术权利属于期刊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 17:56:17 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950759, encodeId=dfa6950e59f6, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 16:40:05 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-24 科研科研科研

    学术权利属于期刊

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1500169, encodeId=0fe1150016908, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e6866216d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#清华#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66216, encryptionId=9e6866216d7, topicName=清华)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10f29422809, createdName=医生2397, createdTime=Fri Mar 26 07:08:06 CST 2021, time=2021-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574405, encodeId=bb4a15e4405ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3c2c586e23f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新规#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58672, encryptionId=3c2c586e23f, topicName=新规)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2ca16016783, createdName=xsm923, createdTime=Fri Mar 26 07:08:06 CST 2021, time=2021-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950832, encodeId=f9f0950832c5, content=回归学术,不要被杂志绑架, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2f6Tmc64KydltDQqJVEYZgFJdSdjq8h8icOQLm6BiaIO6Vkek7TtOzFNJDbMDo3cr5LUfIcPOHWO9E/0, createdBy=3dd11927311, createdName=1e0bfbefm39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 24 20:04:45 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950821, encodeId=27e295082150, content=这个问题很难除非评价体系改变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 18:53:41 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950801, encodeId=90e69508014d, content=学术权利属于期刊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 17:56:17 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950759, encodeId=dfa6950e59f6, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 16:40:05 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-24 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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