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同行双盲评审真的靠谱吗?

2017-09-27 丁好奇 环球医学

“明星效应”不仅存在于娱乐圈,在学术界也不少见。《自然》杂志从2015年3月起为投稿人添加一个选项:双盲同行评审(double-blind review),即投稿人与审稿人之间相互不知道对方姓名和所属机构。然而,由自然出版集团(NPG)发起的最新研究表明,只有1/8的作者选择让审稿人见到匿名论文。

“明星效应”不仅存在于娱乐圈,在学术界也不少见。《自然》杂志从2015年3月起为投稿人添加一个选项:双盲同行评审(double-blind review),即投稿人与审稿人之间相互不知道对方姓名和所属机构。然而,由自然出版集团(NPG)发起的最新研究表明,只有1/8的作者选择让审稿人见到匿名论文。

大多数论文是单盲评审,即审稿人知道作者是谁,作者不知道审稿人是谁。从理论上讲,这种制度有可能让审稿人对特定国家、少数民族或女性的研究有意无意地产生偏见,也容易让在特定领域已有成就的科学家获得更多“偏爱”和“支持”。

来自帝国理工学院的权威杂志主编马克?伯格曼说,虽然审稿人在很大程度上能猜对作者是谁,“但这不是理由,双盲评审传递了一个信息,即我们有决心在审查过程中,避免一切无意识的偏见”。

研究人员通过电子邮件提交论文,邮件中能透露投稿人身份和工作单位的发件人和邮件地址等信息,会受到科学隐私政策提供的保护,出版商不能提供给审稿人,以保证匿名评审的相对公正。
此外,杂志把论文提交给审稿人时,会尽量删除论文中出现的“我们以前的研究显示”等字样,并在计算机中对论文文本进行技术处理,但仍不可能完全保证做到匿名。

实际上,经验表明,审稿人有时可以根据以前的工作或其他信息来判断谁写的这篇论文。既往一项批评指出,由于科学研究经常是高度专业化的,在很多情况下审稿人很容易猜出作者是谁。但是支持者声称,即便有时审稿人的确会猜对,但是其他时候审稿人会猜错——由于审稿人不能猜准,审稿公平度便会提高。

2013年,NPG开始将旗下《自然科学》和《自然气候变化》两个期刊,提供了作者匿名的同行评审和作者不匿名的同行评审两个选择。

虽然只有1/5的作者选择了前者,这一数据远远低于编辑们的预期,但论文作者的反馈却相当积极。

因此,NPG决定将这个选择机制扩大到所有旗下期刊。

支持双盲同行评议的呼声增长并没有很快,但消除潜意识偏见发生的机会总归是件好事。减少评议偏差的探索永远在路上。

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    2017-09-29 xlxchina
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    2017-09-27 欣怡b88dc255

    盲审更透明

    0

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    2017-09-27 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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