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NEJM:无创产前检测须注意假阳性结果

2014-08-11 佚名 新华网

无创产前检测技术已经成为筛查胎儿缺陷的一种重要手段。但美中研究人员在美国新一期《新英格兰医学杂志》上撰文提醒说,无创产前检测技术尽管准确率很高,但并不能完全避免假阳性结果,因此出现阳性结果后还要结合超声波等其他检测进一步确认。所谓假阳性,是指胎儿正常但检测结果错误地显示不正常。参与研究的加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校遗传医学研究所所长张康表示,无创产前筛查检测的是孕妇血样中的胎儿游离DNA(脱氧核糖核酸

无创产前检测技术已经成为筛查胎儿缺陷的一种重要手段。但美中研究人员在美国新一期《新英格兰医学杂志》上撰文提醒说,无创产前检测技术尽管准确率很高,但并不能完全避免假阳性结果,因此出现阳性结果后还要结合超声波等其他检测进一步确认。

所谓假阳性,是指胎儿正常但检测结果错误地显示不正常。

参与研究的加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校遗传医学研究所所长张康表示,无创产前筛查检测的是孕妇血样中的胎儿游离DNA(脱氧核糖核酸),这些游离DNA的主要来源是胎儿和胎盘,因此可能存在由来自胎盘的异常染色体形成的“胎盘嵌合体”,导致检测结果显示阳性,而胎儿其实正常。

张康说,无创产前检测技术“从根本上无法回避胎盘嵌合体可能导致的假阳性结果”,这是应用该技术应注意的问题。他强调说:“无创产前检测只能是一个筛查工具,而非诊断工具。在实际应用中,还需要结合其他检测来共同确认结果。

张康与中国广州市妇女儿童医疗中心廖灿教授所带领的团队合作,开发出一种基于半导体芯片测序仪的无创产前检测方法,只需抽取孕妇2毫升血样,就能检测出唐氏综合征、爱德华氏综合征等先天缺陷。与羊膜穿刺等传统技术相比,该技术的诊断时间可提前到怀孕第9周,4天便能出结果,准确率也非常高。

在最新研究中,研究人员检测了5010例孕妇血样中的胎儿游离DNA,其中522例又做了羊膜穿刺检测,最终发现5例假阳性结果,相当于假阳性率约为千分之一,均由胎盘嵌合体所导致。

其余4488例胎儿检测结果为阴性,对他们的产后临床检查及至少6个月的随访表明,这些胎儿均无先天缺陷的临床症状,证实了检测结果的可靠性。


原始出处:

Liao C, Zhengfeng X, Zhang K.DNA sequencing versus standard prenatal aneuploidy screening.N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 7;371(6):577-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1405486#SA1.

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