Baidu
map

2021 USPSTF建议:成年人(包括孕妇)戒烟的干预措施

2021-01-31 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

众所周知,吸烟有害健康。烟草燃烧会释放尼古丁、一氧化碳、烟焦油以及苯丙蓖等有害物质,毫无疑问,吸烟会引发各种严重性疾病,比如肺癌,口腔癌、咽喉癌以及鼻咽癌等等。据世界卫生组织估计,与吸烟相关的疾病每年

众所周知,吸烟有害健康。烟草燃烧会释放尼古丁、一氧化碳、烟焦油以及苯丙蓖等有害物质,毫无疑问,吸烟会引发各种严重性疾病,比如肺癌,口腔癌、咽喉癌以及鼻咽癌等等。据世界卫生组织估计,与吸烟相关的疾病每年导致大约500万人过早死亡,其中有大约60万非吸烟者死于二手烟的危害。

根据2015年美国国家健康采访调查,对33672名成年人戒烟调查报告显示,68%的成年人吸烟表示想戒烟,而55%的人试图戒烟,只有7%的人报告最近戒烟,有31%的人报告在尝试戒烟时使用了戒烟咨询。

近日,美国预防医学工作组(USPSTF)发布了成人包括孕妇戒烟的行为和药物干预建议:

1 建议临床医生向所有成年人询问烟草使用情况,建议他们停止吸烟,并为非吸烟成年人提供行为干预和FDA批准的戒烟药物。

2)建议临床医生向所有孕妇询问烟草使用情况,建议他们停止使用烟草,并为使用烟草的孕妇提供戒烟行为干预措施。目前的证据不足以评估孕妇戒烟的药物治疗干预措施的利弊平衡。

3)目前的证据不足以评估电子烟对包括孕妇在内的成年人戒烟的利弊之间的平衡。

4)建议临床医生将使用烟草的患者以有效的方法和确定的安全性引导到其他戒烟干预措施中。

在戒烟干预措施和注意事项中,USPSTF建议,可使用行为咨询干预与药物治疗相结合,行为咨询干预以及药物治疗。

对成年人(包括孕妇)戒烟的干预措施

行为咨询干预与药物治疗相结合

对于成年人来说,有效的戒烟干预措施包括行为咨询和药物治疗,可以单独进行或联合进行。与单独的常规护理/简短戒断干预措施或单独的药物治疗相比,将行为和药物治疗干预措施相结合可提高戒烟率。大多数组合干预措施包括行为咨询,涉及多个环节(≥4次),总接触时间通常为90300分钟。

行为咨询干预

许多行为咨询干预措施可提高成年人戒烟率。这些干预措施可以在基层医疗机构中提供,也可以转介给社区机构,并向基层医疗医生反馈。有效的行为干预措施包括医师,护士以及戒烟专家的个体咨询,团体行为干预,电话咨询以及基于手机的干预措施。通过行为咨询干预措施通常针对有动机戒烟的个人。

药物治疗

FDA批准的用于成人吸烟的现有药物疗法包括尼古丁替代疗法(NRT)(包括尼古丁透皮贴剂,锭剂,口香糖,吸入剂或鼻喷雾剂),盐酸安非他酮缓释剂(SR),和伐尼克兰。所有药物疗法均可提高戒烟率。已发现结合使用NRT产品(特别是将短效加长效形式的NRT结合使用)比使用单一形式的NRT更有效。少量研究显示,伐尼克兰似乎比NRT或安非他酮SR更有效。

对于孕妇来说,向吸烟的孕妇提供社会心理干预措施可提高戒烟率。通过行为干预会更有效,包括有关吸烟对孕产妇和胎儿健康信息,建议其尽快戒烟。另外,对于仅靠行为咨询无法奏效的孕妇,支持其他选择以增加怀孕期间戒烟的证据有限。很少有临床试验评估NRT对孕妇戒烟的有效性。尽管大多数研究都朝着受益方向发展,但未见有统计学上显着的戒烟增加。关于孕妇的NRT危害的证据有限。NRT研究中报道的潜在不良孕妇事件包括舒张压略微升高和皮肤对该贴片的反应。在未怀孕的成年人中报告的潜在不良事件包括较高的低风险血管事件发生率,例如心动过速。由于香烟烟雾中除了尼古丁以外还含有有害物质,因此在怀孕期间NRT可能比吸烟更安全。USPSTF尚未确定对安非他酮SR或伐尼克兰药物疗法用于怀孕期间戒烟的研究。

另外,鉴于目前在美国儿童和青少年中使用电子烟的比例很高,是否有可能将电子烟用作戒烟辅助手段?USPSTF建议,在证据不足的情况下,建议临床医生着重于提供行为咨询和药物疗法以及行为咨询来增加成年人的戒烟率。

原始出处

US Preventive Services Task Force.Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.JAMA2021;325(3):265-279. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.25019

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634563, encodeId=893b16345633a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Mon Aug 02 21:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=922257, encodeId=cefd92225e93, content=学到了很多东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d7375457490, createdName=ms5000000621106664, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 19:16:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537037, encodeId=9edd153e037a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b6e18196cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#USPSTF#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18196, encryptionId=7b6e18196cf, topicName=USPSTF)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=315112772198, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 04:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921709, encodeId=686a921e094e, content=学习永无止境!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b192480386, createdName=用户被禁用, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 15:40:21 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921691, encodeId=fbee9216919c, content=uspstf挺适合保健医生, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 14:44:08 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634563, encodeId=893b16345633a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Mon Aug 02 21:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=922257, encodeId=cefd92225e93, content=学到了很多东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d7375457490, createdName=ms5000000621106664, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 19:16:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537037, encodeId=9edd153e037a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b6e18196cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#USPSTF#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18196, encryptionId=7b6e18196cf, topicName=USPSTF)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=315112772198, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 04:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921709, encodeId=686a921e094e, content=学习永无止境!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b192480386, createdName=用户被禁用, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 15:40:21 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921691, encodeId=fbee9216919c, content=uspstf挺适合保健医生, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 14:44:08 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-02 ms5000000621106664

    学到了很多东西

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634563, encodeId=893b16345633a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Mon Aug 02 21:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=922257, encodeId=cefd92225e93, content=学到了很多东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d7375457490, createdName=ms5000000621106664, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 19:16:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537037, encodeId=9edd153e037a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b6e18196cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#USPSTF#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18196, encryptionId=7b6e18196cf, topicName=USPSTF)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=315112772198, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 04:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921709, encodeId=686a921e094e, content=学习永无止境!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b192480386, createdName=用户被禁用, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 15:40:21 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921691, encodeId=fbee9216919c, content=uspstf挺适合保健医生, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 14:44:08 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-02 lingqf
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634563, encodeId=893b16345633a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Mon Aug 02 21:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=922257, encodeId=cefd92225e93, content=学到了很多东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d7375457490, createdName=ms5000000621106664, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 19:16:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537037, encodeId=9edd153e037a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b6e18196cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#USPSTF#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18196, encryptionId=7b6e18196cf, topicName=USPSTF)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=315112772198, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 04:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921709, encodeId=686a921e094e, content=学习永无止境!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b192480386, createdName=用户被禁用, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 15:40:21 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921691, encodeId=fbee9216919c, content=uspstf挺适合保健医生, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 14:44:08 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-31 用户被禁用

    学习永无止境!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634563, encodeId=893b16345633a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Mon Aug 02 21:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=922257, encodeId=cefd92225e93, content=学到了很多东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d7375457490, createdName=ms5000000621106664, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 19:16:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537037, encodeId=9edd153e037a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b6e18196cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#USPSTF#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18196, encryptionId=7b6e18196cf, topicName=USPSTF)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=315112772198, createdName=lingqf, createdTime=Tue Feb 02 04:07:54 CST 2021, time=2021-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921709, encodeId=686a921e094e, content=学习永无止境!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b192480386, createdName=用户被禁用, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 15:40:21 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=921691, encodeId=fbee9216919c, content=uspstf挺适合保健医生, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Sun Jan 31 14:44:08 CST 2021, time=2021-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-31 carrotlyl

    uspstf挺适合保健医生

    0

相关资讯

Lancet Child Adolescent Health:伐伦克林用于青少年戒烟的效果不显著

研究认为,伐伦克林用于青少年戒烟的效果不显著

The Lancet :野靛碱在肺结核患者戒烟治疗中的作用

目前的证据并不支持结核病患者通过药物治疗来补充行为支持。需要对在中低收入国家结核病常规护理中实施戒烟行为支持的战略进行更多研究。

JAMA Intern Med:戒烟APP的效果评估

吸烟是导致全球过早死亡的重要原因。 用于戒烟的智能手机应用程序很多,但其有效性的证据有限。近日研究人员比较了基于接受和承诺治疗(ACT)的智能手机戒烟应用程序与基于美国临床实践指南(USCPG)的国家

JAMA:持续咨询及戒烟药物对吸烟肿瘤患者戒烟率的影响

对于新近确诊的吸烟肿瘤患者,持续的咨询和提供免费的戒烟药物有助于提高患者戒烟率。

JAMA:尼古丁或非尼古丁电子烟用于戒烟的效果评估

在有戒烟动机的成年人中,尼古丁电子烟戒烟组12周时的点戒断率较高,而在24周后差异降低,而非尼古丁电子烟组的效果正相反,12周时戒断率较低,24周时显著增加

Nat Chem Biol :让戒烟更容易!科学家提出加速体内尼古丁降解新方案,“无任何副作用”

戒烟,是当代许多人2021年新年计划清单上的第一项,但是对于大多数吸烟者而言,“尼古丁成瘾”使他们很难抑制吸烟的欲望。

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map