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Am J Gastroenterol:新型PROBE试验证实塞来昔布消化道副反应更低

2013-05-22 Am J Gastroenterol dxy

非甾体类消炎药是一种缓解关节炎疼痛的主要用药,其最主要的副作用是损伤消化道粘膜引起消化性溃疡甚至出血。之前有前瞻性、随机、对照临床研究表明,与非选择性非甾体类消炎药相比较,高选择性非甾体类消炎药(针对COX-2)对消化道的损伤较小。然而这些研究大多都只关注该类药物对上消化道的影响。因为之前的临床实验在方案选择上十分局限,所以针对非甾体类消炎药在临床实践中的应用特点并未完全涉及,如为了减少消化道副作

非甾体类消炎药是一种缓解关节炎疼痛的主要用药,其最主要的副作用是损伤消化道粘膜引起消化性溃疡甚至出血。之前有前瞻性、随机、对照临床研究表明,与非选择性非甾体类消炎药相比较,高选择性非甾体类消炎药(针对COX-2)对消化道的损伤较小。然而这些研究大多都只关注该类药物对上消化道的影响。因为之前的临床实验在方案选择上十分局限,所以针对非甾体类消炎药在临床实践中的应用特点并未完全涉及,如为了减少消化道副作用而出现的选择药物的变化、剂量的优化、用药间歇、用药同时的伴随治疗方案等等。而且缺乏该类药物使用对下消化道的影响研究。

完善这些研究将有助于更好的利用该药物,并优化用药方案。随机、双盲、对照研究(RCT)被认为是临床试验中的“金标准”,然而其本身存在许多不足,如:观察时间难以达到理想要求、安慰剂效应、研究对象选择差异和统计学分析误差等,均会影响证据的可靠性。而且该实验的大样本临床研究常由多个团体或中心合作完成,受诸多因素影响,完美设计不一定能得出理想结果。前瞻性、随机、开放标签、盲终点试验(PROBE)旨在解决一些随机、双盲、对照研究潜在的局限性。

前瞻性、随机、开放标签、盲终点试验是评估一个单纯的允许纳入大量患者人群的临床试验的结果的研究设计。其主要作用是用来比较不同治疗方案的疗效,而用于对比的治疗方法通常是目前针对某类疾病最为经典的治疗方案,从而发现新方案是否有着更好的临床优势的美国德克萨斯州达拉斯德克萨斯大学西南医学研究中心的Cryer等人,针对非甾体类药物药物的消化道副作用设计的一个前瞻性、随机、开放标签、盲终点试验,比较高选择性非甾体类消炎药—塞来昔布与非选择性非甾体类消炎药在治疗过程中引起消化道损伤的风险。

在该实验中,所有有必要长期控制慢性疼痛而是用非甾体类消炎药的中度消化道疾病风险(年龄大于45岁)患者都给予该类药物治疗,在该研究中不提前设计实验终止终点,并且标签开放,在实验中可以根据需要转换使用不同的非选择性非甾体类消炎药,并可任意搭配质子泵抑制剂控制胃酸分泌,在治疗的同时对消化道的副反应进行监测,但为了在充分获得临床收益同时体现实验随机性,终点判断由一双盲的评判专家委员会进行。与随机、双盲、对照研究相比较,其纳入实验的入选标准和排除标准更为单一,包含的病人样本量更大,更能反映临床真实情况。

结果发现与非选择性非甾体类消炎药相比,塞来昔布有着更小的诱发上消化道和/或下消化道不良临床事件的风险。而且说明在严格的前瞻性、随机、双盲、对照实验中可以纳入治疗选择和管理策略。这一结果发表在2013年3月的The American journal of gastroenterology上。

因考虑到观察性研究及随机、双盲、对照研究的局限性,因其在实验设计中允许在进行临床治疗干预的同时对不同的临床结果进行评估,前瞻性、随机、开放标签、盲终点试验是一个更好的选择。消化道随机事件以及安全性标签开放非甾体类消炎药临床试验(GI- REASONS)是由盲性终点判断委员会进行严格终止判断的控制下进行标准化非甾体类消炎药临床应用治疗,反应其效果及不良反应。该项临床研究的目的是对比塞来昔布及非高选择性非甾体类消炎药标准治疗方案引起上消化道和/或下消化道严重不良临床事件的风险。

作者研究小组进行了一项前瞻性、随机、开放标签、盲终点试验,全美有738家医疗中心参与了该项研究,包含了8067位年龄大于等于55岁,因骨关节炎需要每日服用非甾体类消炎药的患者。所有研究对象按1:1随机分为两组,分别给予塞来昔布及非选择性非甾体类消炎药,研究共进行6周,并按照幽门螺杆菌感染状态进行分层。治疗剂量可以按照美国每日处方信息进行调整。随机分配至非选择性非甾体类消炎药组的患者可以转换应用任何一种非选择性非甾体类消炎药。两组之间用药不能出现交叠,而且患者需要长期服用基础剂量的阿司匹林者则排除在实验之外。实验的初级终点为诱发出现严重的上消化道和/或下消化道不良临床事件。

结果显示:更多的非选择性非甾体类消炎药使用者达到了初级实验终点(2.4 % (98/4032),塞来昔布组患者这一数据为1.3 %(54/4035),两者相比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0003),风险比值比为1.82(95%可信区间为1.31-2.55)。出现中到重度腹部症状的患者在两组比例分别为:塞来昔布组94人(2.3%),非选择性非甾体类消炎药组138人(3.4%),两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P= 0.0035)。其他非消化道副反应事件的发生率在两组之间无明显差异。该实验的局限性为非盲性实验设计,可能会出现说明偏倚。

这一结果与前期严格的随机对照双盲实验结果相符,所以作者得出结论:与非选择性非甾体类消炎药相比,塞来昔布有着更小的诱发上消化道和/或下消化道不良临床事件的风险。而且,这是一项成功的前瞻性、随机、开放标签、盲终点试验的实施。说明在严格的前瞻性、随机、双盲、对照实验中可以纳入治疗选择和管理策略。

GI-REASONS: a novel 6-month, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point (PROBE) trial
Background
The GI Randomized Event and Safety Open-Label NSAID Study (GI-REASONS) was a novel prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point (PROBE) study that measured adjudicated clinical outcomes throughout the GI tract. It was designed to assess if celecoxib use in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) at moderate GI risk (≥55 y) is associated with a lower incidence of clinically significant upper and lower GI events compared to nsNSAIDs, with/without proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), in standard US clinical practice.
Materials and methods
8067 OA patients were randomized 1:1 for 6-mos with celecoxib or a nonselective (ns)NSAID, stratified by H pylori status. The primary end point was a composite of adjudicated clinically significant upper and lower GI events. Aspirin use was not permitted. Treatment doses could be adjusted per US prescribing information. Patients randomized to the nsNSAID arm could switch between nsNSAIDs; however, crossover between treatment arms was not allowed. PPIs and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) were prescribed at the providers' discretion.
Results
4035 celecoxib and 4032 nsNSAID patients were randomized and included in the ITT analyses. Baseline demographics were similar. Overall, significantly more nsNSAID users met the primary end point at 6 mos (OR, 1.82; 95% CI 1.31-2.55; p = 0.0003; Table ​Table1).1). The most commonly used nsNSAIDs were meloxicam (42%), naproxen (21%), diclofenac (20%) and nabumetone (14%). 2596 celecoxib (64.3%) and 2611 (64.8%) nsNSAID users completed the study. 189 patients were lost to follow-up (LTFU; 2.1% celecoxib and 2.6% nsNSAID). Attributing the primary end point to all LTFU patients (worst-case sensitivity analysis), celecoxib remained superior (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.18-1.82; p = 0.0006). AEs, SAEs and discontinuations were similar in both treatment groups. 23% of celecoxib and 24% of nsNSAID patients used a PPI (p = NS). Moderate to severe abdominal symptoms were experienced by 94 (2.3%) celecoxib and 138 (3.4%) nsNSAID patients (P<.01)...

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    2013-06-21 许安
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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2071480, encodeId=ad7220e148017, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d4ee84647' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7846, encryptionId=9d4ee84647, topicName=GAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2dd327, createdName=许安, createdTime=Fri Jun 21 21:40:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2063837, encodeId=8180206383e8b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94ffe853a7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gastroenterol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7853, encryptionId=94ffe853a7, topicName=Gastroenterol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0bed488, createdName=jktdtl, createdTime=Tue Jan 07 04:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1791490, encodeId=22c01e914900b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d71014e02a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#probe#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14702, encryptionId=d71014e02a4, topicName=probe)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87d405, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 22:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710640, encodeId=c94f1e10640b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9a1c289680' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AST#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2896, encryptionId=9a1c289680, topicName=AST)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b9831894722, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Wed Oct 23 23:40:00 CST 2013, time=2013-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937354, encodeId=136c193e3544f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8cb632e8025' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32780, encryptionId=8cb632e8025, topicName=副反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1dbc2500219, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Sat Dec 14 13:40:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1283820, encodeId=4614128382099, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=082842228d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#塞来昔布#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42228, encryptionId=082842228d3, topicName=塞来昔布)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce68183, createdName=xiongke010, createdTime=Fri May 24 07:40:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464479, encodeId=b2ae14644e9ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Fri May 24 07:40:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601685, encodeId=1ab01601685e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2f801469e57' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14697, encryptionId=2f801469e57, topicName=PRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a60b18898917, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri May 24 07:40:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-02-16 Homburg
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    2013-12-14 huagfeg
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    2013-05-24 sunylz

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