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Science:张锋新成果!“魔剪”CRISPR又出新功能,用于核酸检测

2017-04-18 大健康Pai 大健康Pai

4月13日,Science杂志发表一项题为“Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2”的重要研究进展。来自Broad研究所、McGovern研究所等机构的一个科学家小组改造了靶向RNA的CRISPR系统,使其成为了快速、便宜且高度灵敏的诊断工具。这一发现有望为科学研究以及全球公共卫生带来变革性的影响。CRISPR先驱张锋以及Broad研究所的


4月13日,Science杂志发表一项题为“Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2”的重要研究进展。来自Broad研究所、McGovern研究所等机构的一个科学家小组改造了靶向RNA的CRISPR系统,使其成为了快速、便宜且高度灵敏的诊断工具。这一发现有望为科学研究以及全球公共卫生带来变革性的影响。CRISPR先驱张锋以及Broad研究所的James J. Collins是该研究的共同通讯作者。

具体来说,这篇论文描述了RNA靶向的CRISPR酶(Cas13a/C2c2)如何“变身”高度灵敏的“探测器”:能够指示出目标RNA或DNA分子中单分子的存在(the presence of as little as a single molecule of a target RNA or DNA molecule)。这一新工具被研究者们授予了SHERLOCK(Specific High-sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter unLOCKing)的称号。他们认为,有一天,这一技术可能被用于应对病毒和细菌爆发,监测抗生素耐药性以及检测癌症。

六大应用

科学家们在一系列不同的应用中证明了SHERLOCK技术的多功能性:1)数小时内,检测患者血液或尿液样本中Zika病毒的存在;2)区分非洲和美国Zika病毒株的基因序列;3)识别特定的细菌类型,如大肠杆菌;4)检测抗生素耐药性基因;5)在模拟的(simulated)游离DNA中识别癌症突变;6)快速阅读人类遗传信息。

张锋表示:“Cas13a酶能够产生如此非凡的灵敏度。这是非常令人兴奋的。”

首篇描述Cas13a的Science论文

Cas13a先前被称为C2c2.2016年6月,张锋和他的同事在Science杂志上发表了题为“C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector”的论文,首次描述了这一RNA靶向的CRISPR酶。CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2能够用于切割细菌细胞中特定的RNA序列。与DNA靶向的CRISPR酶不同(如Cas9和Cpf1),Cas13a在切割它的意向RNA目标后依然能够保持“活跃”,会继续爆发性式地切割其它非目标RNA.张锋实验室的科学家将这种现象称为“collateral cleavage”。

Jennifer Doudna成果紧随其后

2016年9月,CRISPR“女神”Jennifer Doudna和同事们在Nature杂志了发表了题为“Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection”的论文。他们提出,将Cas13a的“collateral cleavage”活性用于RNA检测。

灵敏度提升百万倍

Broad研究所官网报道称,该研究中提出的方法需要数以百万计分子的存在,灵敏度有所缺乏。而这篇最新Science论文提出的新方法灵敏度高了一百万倍(a million-fold more sensitive)。

据悉,这是张锋及其研究组与共同通讯作者Jim Collins合作的结果。Jim Collins致力于Zika病毒诊断研究。2014年,Collins和他的研究小组开发了一种针对Ebola病毒的快速合成纸质测试(rapid synthetic paper-based test)。这一技术可在室温下运送和储存。

随后,他们调整这一系统,用于检测Zika病毒。他们证明,该技术能够通过增加样本中的RNA数量提高传感器的灵敏性。Collins说:“这一基于CRISPR的全新工具提供的灵敏度能够检测患者血液样本中极少量的癌症DNA.”

Broad研究所的报道还称,这一诊断工具最迫切和最明显的应用是,在资源贫乏的地区,用于传染病爆发的快速、即时诊断。此外,据The Scientist报道称,作者们估计,这一Paper-Based SHERLOCK检测每次测试成本约为0.61美元。

“女神”如何评价?

最后,我们来看看,Jennifer Doudna是如何评价张锋等人这项新成果的呢?Doudna在接受采访时写道:“这一方法通过预扩增(pre-amplifying)核酸目标改善了C2c2的检测限制。它的局限是,这一方法依然需要核酸扩增步骤,这可能会成为它用于即时应用(point-of-care application)的挑战。”

原文出处:
Jonathan S. Gootenberg, Omar O. Abudayyeh, Jeong Wook Lee, et al. Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2. Science.

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    2018-01-05 wgx306
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    2017-04-20 yuandd
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    2017-04-20 jichang

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近期来自杜克大学的一组研究人员研发出了一种新工具,通过CRISPR-Cas9表观基因组编辑方法提出了一种高通量筛选技术,识别出了人类细胞基因组中的调控元件。大多数DNA并不编码蛋白质,要确定这个基因组“暗物质”在基因调控过程中如何,何时以及何处发挥作用是一个巨大的挑战。近期来自杜克大学的一组研究人员研发出了一种新工具,通过CRISPR-Cas9表观基因组编辑方法提出了一种高通量筛选技术,识别出了人

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冷泉港实验室的癌症生物学家Jason Sheltzer正在寻找参与肿瘤生长的基因。他和他的同事们计划利用目前流行的基因编辑工具CRISPR-Cas9来敲除基因,然后看看癌细胞繁殖率的变化。不过他们还需要一种能产生相同效果的控制基因。这似乎是一个完美的实验计划冷泉港实验室的癌症生物学家Jason Sheltzer正在寻找参与肿瘤生长的基因。他和他的同事们计划利用目前流行的基因编辑工具CRISPR

盘点:资本热捧,CRISPR加持,协同致死效应成为抗癌新药研发的一匹黑马

协同致死」领域风云再起,继去年5月初,IDEAYA Biosciences获得5AM、Celgene、诺华和药明康德投资的4600万美元A轮之后。上个月底,在Third Rock Ventures孵化了两年的Tango Therapeutics获得Third Rock Ventures的5500万美元A轮投资,正式宣布成立。

Science:张锋团队今日带来 CRISPR 重磅新应用,核酸检测灵敏度可达单分子

今日,知名华人科学家张锋教授与同事在《科学》杂志上发表论文,介绍了一种全新的 CRISPR 应用工具,用以检测核酸。这一工具能快速检测 RNA 或 DNA 分子,灵敏度甚至有望检测出单个核酸。这一重磅研究对于科研与全球公共卫生有着极大的影响。早在 2010 年,科学家们就意识到,CRISPR 平台也许能被用来检测病毒的核酸。但在当时,它的基因编辑潜力过于出众,光芒在一定程度上掩盖了其他领域应用的可

一篇文章让他从神坛跌为众矢之的,《CRISPR的英雄们》背后的始末

看到这里,大家应该也完全能理解我们为何把Lander称为神坛上的人物了。那么,Lander到底为何走下了神坛成了众科学家言语攻击的对象呢?难道是因为学术剽窃造假?挪用公款?私生活混乱?

Cell:揭示抗CRISPR蛋白阻断CRISPR系统机制

想象一下细菌和病毒一直处于军备竞赛之中。对很多细菌而言,一种抵抗病毒感染的防御线是一种复杂的RNA引导的“免疫系统”,即CRISPR-Cas。这个免疫系统的核心是一种识别病毒DNA和触发它破坏的监视复合物。然而,病毒能够反击,利用抗CRISPR蛋白让这种监视复合物不能够发挥功能。但是,在此之前,没有人准确地知道这些抗CRISPR蛋白如何发挥作用。

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