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回肠原发性浆细胞瘤1例

2018-06-13 周荣真 吴秀丽 王安武 医学影像学杂志

患者男性,75岁。因“右下腹痛伴乏力、纳差,消瘦1月余”入院。

【一般资料】

患者男性,75岁。

【主诉】

因“右下腹痛伴乏力、纳差,消瘦1月余”入院。

【体格检查】

右下腹稍隆起,压痛、反跳痛存在,可触及一约6.0cm×5.0cm大小肿块,表面光滑,质韧,活动欠佳。

【辅助检查】

腹部超声:右下腹见约8.3cm×5.2cm×4.0cm混合性肿块,呈“假肾征”,内血流信号丰富,肠管未见扩张,提示肠道肿瘤。腹部增强CT显示:右中下腹部肠壁不规则增厚,最厚处约达2.1cm,增强后轻度强化,周围脂肪间隙尚清晰(图1,2),考虑小肠恶性肿瘤。小肠造影显示:中腹部第5组小肠粘膜紊乱、破坏,见不规则充盈缺损影,局部肠管稍狭窄(图3,4),考虑小肠肿瘤。





【治疗】

手术及病理:探查发现:距回盲部60.0cm处见回肠一大小约10.0cm×8.0cm肿块,质中偏硬,邻近系膜间隙尚清,行回肠肿瘤切除术。切除肿块大小约10.0cm×10.0cm×2.0cm;镜下见:肠壁结构破坏,肿瘤细胞呈多边形、圆形,核大偏位,胞浆丰富,呈弥漫片状排列,可见多核细胞,浸润至浆膜外。免疫标记:CD30(-)、CD15(-)、CD20(-)、CD79a(-)、CD5(-)、CD45RO(-)、CK(-)、CD10(-)、CD138(+)、EMA(+)、LCA(+)、α-AT(++),病理诊断:回肠浆细胞瘤。术后行左髂后上棘骨髓穿刺,涂片及活检未见异常;骨骼系统X线片阴性。

【讨论】

髓外浆细胞瘤(extramedullaryplasmacytoma,EMP)是指原发于造血组织以外的浆细胞瘤,是恶性单克隆浆细胞病变中较罕见的一种,在全身各个部位均可发生,如口腔、消化道、呼吸道、椎旁软组织、肺、纵膈等,首发于小肠者罕见。Rodrigo等统计了1947年~2010年文献报道的61例小肠EMP患者,其中回肠EMP仅17例。有报道称空回肠EMP病灶常局限在空回肠解剖区域,仅一例表现为多脏器受累。小肠EMP病灶在CT影像上呈境界清晰的软组织肿块或者肠壁局限性增厚。本例回肠EMP与文献报道相符,主要表现为肠壁增厚,局部粘膜增粗,但其范围较广。此类表现的病例需要与原发性小肠淋巴瘤、肠结核、小肠克罗恩病鉴别:原发性小肠淋巴瘤好发于回盲部,常表现为单节段病变,肠壁单层偏心状增厚,常伴有淋巴结肿大,因为髓外浆细胞瘤在细胞形态上与边缘区淋巴瘤相似,影像学上表现类似,鉴别诊断必须依靠免疫组化,EMP强烈表达CD38、CD138,CD20阴性,这是最主要的鉴别点;肠结核好发于回盲部,常表现为多节段病变,病灶强化明显,伴“中空”淋巴结,常伴有肺结核;小肠克罗恩病好发于回肠末段,常表现为多节段病变,分层状增厚,肠壁内积气、水肿带、脂肪征,肠腔狭窄。小肠EMP缺乏特征性影像学表现,明确诊断需依靠病理。此外,诊断EMP需行骨髓、影像学检查、血液尿液生化检查等除外多发性骨髓瘤。EMP预后良好,10年生存率达50%~80%。

原始出处:

周荣真, 吴秀丽, 王安武. 回肠原发性浆细胞瘤1例[J]. 医学影像学杂志, 2017, 27(3):483-483.

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    2018-06-15 Tamikia

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