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病例分享:结晶性黄斑变性的罕见病因:葡萄膜炎

2017-12-17 佚名 中国眼科医生

结晶性黄斑变性是一组以黄斑区高反射结晶沉积为特征的疾病,有多种已知和可能的发病原因,比如毒性、遗传和退行性变。

结晶性黄斑变性是一组以黄斑区高反射结晶沉积为特征的疾病,有多种已知和可能的发病原因,比如毒性、遗传和退行性变。诊断常需要完整的病史,包括膳食摄入量和家族史,身体检查,重点是高反射结晶的性质和分布。荧光素血管造影术(FA)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)已经成为评估患者结晶性黄斑变性有效的检查方法。

随着人们对结晶性黄斑变性认识的不断增加,已经明确几个具体的病因和发病风险,如他莫昔芬、角黄素、草酸盐沉积Sjogren-Larsson综合征,和西非结晶性黄斑病变(WACM)。此处报道一例与葡萄膜炎有关的结晶性黄斑变性,葡萄膜炎是一种尚未被认识的发病风险。这可能是一种结晶性黄斑变性的新类别,称为葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑变性。

病例

一名52岁加拿大出生的日本女性患者,因左眼视力下降4个月就诊。既往有钙化性肩腱炎,需行两次注射治疗。最佳矫正视力(BCVA):右眼(OD)是1.0,左眼(OS)是0.5。眼压:OD 20 mmHg、OS 22 mmHg。裂隙灯检查发现,双眼后房植入型人工晶体。右眼散瞳眼底检查未见异常,但左眼显示中心凹视网膜内黄绿色晶体(图1)和轻度玻璃体炎。

左眼OCT显示视网膜内小液性囊肿、视网膜Henle层和内核层有高反射病变,相应的临床表现是结晶(图2A、B、C)。右眼OCT正常。右眼超广角荧光血管造影正常(图3A),但左眼出现视盘渗漏,花瓣状黄斑水肿和弥漫性视网膜周边渗漏(图3B),与中间葡萄膜炎的表现一致。两眼均无周边视网膜脱离、毛细血管扩张抑或视网膜色素上皮异常。



图1.该葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑变性患者的左眼彩照;
图(A)中可以看到黄斑部多处高反射晶体,图(B)是放大后所见。



图2.该葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑变性患者的OCT影像;
视网膜内大小不同的高反射结晶(单箭头),散在分布于Henle层和内核层(A、B、C)。
在内层视网膜也可看到视网膜内囊肿(B中双箭头所示)。



图3.该葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑变性患者的超广角荧光血管造影(UWFA);
图(A)示右眼正常。
图(B)示左眼视盘渗漏,花瓣状黄斑水肿和弥漫性视网膜周边渗漏,伴中间葡萄膜炎。

患者无非裔家族史和结晶性黄斑病变家族史。无他莫昔芬、角黄素、甲氧和呋喃妥因接触史;无静脉注射毒品史或乐果食用史。患者承认自己存在高草酸盐饮食(菠菜、甘蓝、甜菜)。用于除外肺结核的胸部CT和纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)试验、结节病的血管紧张素转化酶水平、梅毒FTA-ABS、CBC、尿常规、血肌酐、钙离子和24小时尿草酸均正常。

治疗

该患者行后筋膜囊曲安奈德(40mg)注射后稍有改善。后行玻璃体内注射曲安奈德(4mg),视网膜内积液吸收。BCVA提高到0.67,但结晶仍然存在。

讨论

此病例是葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑病的首次报道。其临床特征,特别是结晶体的特点和分布,类似于西非结晶性黄斑病变(WACM)。

在2003年,Sarraf等首次报道WACM。在尼日利亚伊博族的长者,病变特点是双侧无症状性黄斑表层黄绿色高反射晶体,OCT上结晶位于Henle层,推测可能与乐果摄入有关。

随后在西非和东非其它几个地区出现类似的病例报告,其发病机制与乐果摄入的关系仍受到质疑。褐色变表明糖尿病可能加重WACM的发病,报告中的所有患者均患糖尿病,且晶体的分布与糖尿病性渗出和视网膜水肿区域有关。

Rajak等人发现,在他们的研究中所有患者均患糖尿病或伴有糖尿病视网膜病变,这可能会导致视网膜缺血,如镰状细胞性视网膜病变或黄斑分支静脉阻塞。假定视网膜缺血后继发血-视网膜屏障破坏,可能导致敏感病人形成WACM样黄斑结晶,像结晶前期的渗出物或血清沉淀物。

我们推测,葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑病变具有类似的发病机制,葡萄膜炎发生的本质是血-网膜屏障的破坏。作者研究的病例中,只有葡萄膜炎患者出现结晶,这一事实强调葡萄膜炎参与葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑病变的发病机制。

此病例报告发现结晶性黄斑变性的一种新类型,其中葡萄膜炎是其发病机制中的直接原因。然而,结晶体的具体构成不清。需要进一步的研究来充分阐明葡萄膜炎结晶性黄斑病变的发病机理和的病原学依据。

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    2017-12-19 huangdf
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463585, encodeId=ef9b1463585ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1467256, encodeId=8517146e2569d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef32e9539e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79539, encryptionId=ef32e9539e8, topicName=罕见)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29f36868190, createdName=syscxl, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1525117, encodeId=635c152511ea5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65e91031337f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄斑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103133, encryptionId=65e91031337f, topicName=黄斑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=638b11619344, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=270080, encodeId=d6b42e0080b0, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sun Dec 17 11:47:16 CST 2017, time=2017-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-19 syscxl
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463585, encodeId=ef9b1463585ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1467256, encodeId=8517146e2569d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef32e9539e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79539, encryptionId=ef32e9539e8, topicName=罕见)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29f36868190, createdName=syscxl, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1525117, encodeId=635c152511ea5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65e91031337f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄斑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103133, encryptionId=65e91031337f, topicName=黄斑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=638b11619344, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=270080, encodeId=d6b42e0080b0, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sun Dec 17 11:47:16 CST 2017, time=2017-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-19 muzishouyi
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463585, encodeId=ef9b1463585ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1467256, encodeId=8517146e2569d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef32e9539e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#罕见#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79539, encryptionId=ef32e9539e8, topicName=罕见)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29f36868190, createdName=syscxl, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1525117, encodeId=635c152511ea5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65e91031337f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄斑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103133, encryptionId=65e91031337f, topicName=黄斑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=638b11619344, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Tue Dec 19 01:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=270080, encodeId=d6b42e0080b0, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sun Dec 17 11:47:16 CST 2017, time=2017-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-17 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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