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Ann Med:心内膜炎相关的急进性肾小球肾炎可能表现为血管炎

2022-03-26 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

感染性心内膜炎(IE)通常表现为多系统受累,原因是外周脓毒性栓子和/或皮肤血管炎和肾小球肾炎等免疫现象,类似于特发性血管炎的临床表现。

背景:感染性心内膜炎(IE)通常表现为多系统受累,原因是外周脓毒性栓子和/或皮肤血管炎和肾小球肾炎等免疫现象,类似于特发性血管炎的临床表现。相当比例(8-33%)的IE患者ANCA阳性,这是一种有用的ANCA相关性血管炎的诊断生物标志物。零星的病例报告指出,IE相关的肾小球肾炎可能类似于血管炎,这给诊断和治疗带来了挑战

    IE相关性RPGN是IE的一种严重并发症,以肾功能迅速恶化和肾小球肾炎为特征,通常在肾组织学上表现为新月体性肾小球肾炎(CGN)。由于肾脏实体,与IE相关的RPGN/CGN主要在病例报告中报告。Kannan回顾了文献中与IE相关的CGN,在2000年之前只有11个病例被确认

目的:本研究的目的是通过回顾性分析我中心IE相关RPGN患者的临床病理资料,强调诊断挑战并讨论免疫抑制治疗在此类患者中的作用。

方法:选择2004年1月至2021年5月在中国某三级医院临床诊断为IE相关RPGN的患者,并进行回顾性分析。

结果:确定了24名IE相关RPGN患者。所有患者均出现发热和心脏、肾脏、脾脏(79%,19/ 24)、皮肤(63%,15/24)、肺(33%,8/24)和神经系统(17%,4/24)等多器官系统受累。24名患者中有6名(25%)最初被怀疑患有ANCA相关或IgA血管炎。45%的患者ANCA血清反应呈阳性。肾组织学显示大多数患者肾小球系膜和/或毛细血管内细胞过多,伴有广泛新月体。C3优势沉积是免疫荧光的主要模式,并在1例中观察到免疫缺乏坏死性新月体肾炎。所有患者都接受了抗生素治疗,无论是否手术。6名患者因误诊在使用抗生素前接受免疫抑制治疗,7名患者因持续肾衰竭在使用抗生素后接受免疫抑制治疗。24例患者中有3例死于严重感染。所有存活患者肾功能部分或完全恢复。

图1 代表性光学显微镜检查结果。(A)大型全球细胞新月体(高碘酸-六亚甲基四胺银X200).(B)小细胞新月体(高碘酸-六亚甲基四胺银X200).(C)具有坏死性新月体的肾小球(高碘酸-六亚甲基四胺银X200).(D)肾小球膜和内皮细胞过多(苏木精和曙红X400).(E)系膜细胞过多(苏木精和曙红X400).(F)毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎(高碘酸-乌洛托品银X400).

图2 代表性免疫荧光显微镜检查结果。(A)肾小球,通过C3主要进行肾小球膜染色。(转载自Am J Med。2021;134(12):1539-1545.e1,经Elsevier许可)(B)C3对肾小球膜和毛细血管壁染色

图3 代表性电子显微镜检查结果。(A)内皮下电子致密沉积物(箭头)。(B)肾小球膜电子致密沉积物(箭头)。

表1 九例肾活检结果。

图4 急进性肾小球肾炎患者血清肌酐的变化。D0表示开始使用抗生素的日期。Last FU表示最后一次跟进。(A)未接受免疫抑制治疗的10名存活患者的SCr变化。(B)11名接受免疫抑制治疗的存活患者的SCr变化。

结论:IE相关性RPGN罕见,由于临床表现重叠,ANCA阳性和缺乏典型的IE表现,与特发性血管炎的鉴别诊断具有挑战性。如果抗生素和手术没有延迟,预后通常是好的。当经过适当的抗感染治疗后肾功能没有得到适当改善时,应根据具体情况谨慎决定是否采用免疫抑制治疗。

原文出处:Ai S,  Liu J,  Ma G,et al.Endocarditis-associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis mimicking vasculitis: a diagnostic and treatment challenge.Ann Med 2022 Dec;54(1)

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    2022-03-28 villahu
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1708698, encodeId=d90d1e08698fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c2d3051535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30515, encryptionId=4c2d3051535, topicName=内膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=730431558473, createdName=12498974m61暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 15:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1263275, encodeId=73d712632e5b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=581e8968859' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89688, encryptionId=581e8968859, topicName=血管炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=909c71, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350768, encodeId=06d71350e68cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a32d508e8c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心内膜炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50878, encryptionId=a32d508e8c3, topicName=心内膜炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532327, encodeId=65de153232e13, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10b5825e4aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82574, encryptionId=10b5825e4aa, topicName=肾炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=84df12331144, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537633, encodeId=4b89153e63300, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=19c182535f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾小球肾炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82535, encryptionId=19c182535f1, topicName=肾小球肾炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=132d12890104, createdName=qindq, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611514, encodeId=5a79161151469, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1708698, encodeId=d90d1e08698fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c2d3051535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30515, encryptionId=4c2d3051535, topicName=内膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=730431558473, createdName=12498974m61暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Dec 21 15:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1263275, encodeId=73d712632e5b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=581e8968859' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89688, encryptionId=581e8968859, topicName=血管炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=909c71, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350768, encodeId=06d71350e68cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a32d508e8c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心内膜炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50878, encryptionId=a32d508e8c3, topicName=心内膜炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532327, encodeId=65de153232e13, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10b5825e4aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82574, encryptionId=10b5825e4aa, topicName=肾炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=84df12331144, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537633, encodeId=4b89153e63300, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=19c182535f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾小球肾炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82535, encryptionId=19c182535f1, topicName=肾小球肾炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=132d12890104, createdName=qindq, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611514, encodeId=5a79161151469, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 06:40:42 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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