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Cancer:肿瘤患者的8大预兆死亡的特征

2015-02-10 zhangjialiang 译 MedSci原创

近日一项最新研究成果指出,研究人员已经确定了八个非常特异性的临床体征,出现这些体征的癌症患者将非常可能在3天内死亡,而这一发现可能有助于家庭成员和临床医生决定临终护理。该项研究在线发表在2月9日的Cancer杂志上。该研究的第一作者,休斯顿德克萨斯大学M.D.安德森癌症中心姑息治疗和康复医学助理研究员David Hui博士说:“我们的研究发现许多临床医生可以在床边观察到的体征,而这些体征能够在很大

近日一项最新研究成果指出,研究人员已经确定了八个非常特异性的临床体征,出现这些体征的癌症患者将非常可能在3天内死亡,而这一发现可能有助于家庭成员和临床医生决定临终护理。该项研究在线发表在2月9日的Cancer杂志上。

该研究的第一作者,休斯顿德克萨斯大学M.D.安德森癌症中心姑息治疗和康复医学助理研究员David Hui博士说:“我们的研究发现许多临床医生可以在床边观察到的体征,而这些体征能够在很大程度上帮助他们确定病人已经进入最后三天的生命。” 

“这信息可以帮助临床医生和家庭在饱受压力的那一段时期作出许多重要的决策,”许博士解释道:“拥有了这一信息,家庭照顾者可能在这段充满不确定性的时间中获得更大的控制能力,并能更好的计划照顾病人和自己的家庭探访、过夜和调整工作和休息时间。”

床边临床症状的监控

研究人员指出,过去很少研究关注即将死亡的迹象,所以可以作为临床医生决策基础以及与家人和照顾者进行沟通的证据是非常有限的。

该项研究分别在两个地方进行:一个是在M.D.安德森医学中心的急性姑息治疗科,时间为2010年4月至7月;另一个是在巴西Barretos癌症医院,时间为2011年1月到6月。

研究涉及连续357名成人晚期癌症患者,患者们均已同意并授权把痛苦减至最少。临床研究护士每12小时系统地对肿瘤终末期患者从入院到出院或死亡过程中的52种床边临床体征进行监控,以研究如何准确地预测即将到来的死亡。 病人的平均年龄是58岁。研究对象中包含55%的女性和65%的拉美裔;28%的患者为胃肠道癌症,而57%死亡。

研究结果发现,八大临床症状被确定为能够高度预兆即将出现的死亡,并且这些症状平均在患者死亡前3天内发生。这些症状对于3天内死亡具有95%以上的特异性和较高的阳性似然比(5.0以上)。除了上消化道出血以外,诊断3天内死亡的这些症状与神经认知和/或神经肌肉退化相关。

Sign

Positive Likelihood Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

Nonreactive pupils

16.7

14.9–18.6

Inability to close eyelids

13.6

7.7–8.9

Grunting of vocal cords

11.8

10.3–13.4

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

10.3

9.5–11.1

Decreased response to verbal stimuli

8.3

7.7–9.0

Drooping of the nasolabial fold

8.3

7.7–8.9

Hyperextension of the neck

7.3

6.7–8.0

Decreased response to visual stimuli

6.7

6.3–7.1

表:8大预兆死亡的症状

在多变量分析中,言语刺激反应减少明显与3天内死亡相关 (OR值为6.61,95%置信区间为2.49-23.17,P=0.0004),类似地还有鼻唇褶皱下垂(OR值为6.51,95%置信区间为2.67- 20.07,P= 0.0001)。

Hui博士指出,本研究的结果可能是在几个方面是有用的。他们可以帮助临床医生关注临终护理和最大化的生活质量;决定何时停止做不必要的输血工作,检查和治疗;知道哪些病人很快死亡,需要留在医院,而不是出院;自信地与家人和照顾者谈论医生的诊断。

“这些症状的存在强烈表明,死亡将发生在未来3天。然而,缺乏这些迹象并不表明死亡不会很快发生,”许博士强调:“重要的是要指出,尽管多数是观察到至少有一个症状是在生命的最后3天发生,但只有一小部分病人可能在死亡前任何时间出现一个迹象。”

因为这些结果可能仅限于癌症患者,Hui博士和他的同事计划在其他病人群体中对这些症状进行验证,比如临终关怀的病人。这项研究可以促进床边诊断工具的开发,并协助临终患者临床决策的制定。

原始出处:

Hui D, dos Santos R, Chisholm G, et al. Bedside clinical signs associated with impending death in patients with advanced cancer: Preliminary findings of a prospective, longitudinal cohort study [J]. Cancer, 9 FEB 2015. DOI:10.1002/cncr.29048

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    2015-02-16 Johnny1989

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16070, encodeId=285d160e081, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15771, encodeId=50ee15e71e6, content=以阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15555, encodeId=cd2415555e3, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15556, encodeId=8b6e155563b, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424139, encodeId=c342142413922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Thu Feb 12 09:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15338, encodeId=3c7315338cb, content=可以进一步验证, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=14.29.111.**, createdTime=Wed Feb 11 00:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15324, encodeId=19f015324f5, content=回光返照,我见过好多次, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=114.90.43.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 19:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    以阅

    0

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    2015-02-15 jianlion

    是不是哦

    0

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    2015-02-15 jianlion

    是不是哦

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16070, encodeId=285d160e081, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15771, encodeId=50ee15e71e6, content=以阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15555, encodeId=cd2415555e3, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15556, encodeId=8b6e155563b, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424139, encodeId=c342142413922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Thu Feb 12 09:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15338, encodeId=3c7315338cb, content=可以进一步验证, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=14.29.111.**, createdTime=Wed Feb 11 00:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15324, encodeId=19f015324f5, content=回光返照,我见过好多次, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=114.90.43.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 19:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16070, encodeId=285d160e081, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15771, encodeId=50ee15e71e6, content=以阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15555, encodeId=cd2415555e3, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15556, encodeId=8b6e155563b, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424139, encodeId=c342142413922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Thu Feb 12 09:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15338, encodeId=3c7315338cb, content=可以进一步验证, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=14.29.111.**, createdTime=Wed Feb 11 00:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15324, encodeId=19f015324f5, content=回光返照,我见过好多次, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=114.90.43.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 19:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-11 14.29.111.**

    可以进一步验证

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16070, encodeId=285d160e081, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 15:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15771, encodeId=50ee15e71e6, content=以阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15555, encodeId=cd2415555e3, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15556, encodeId=8b6e155563b, content=是不是哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928e1615200, createdName=jianlion, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 20:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424139, encodeId=c342142413922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Thu Feb 12 09:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15338, encodeId=3c7315338cb, content=可以进一步验证, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=14.29.111.**, createdTime=Wed Feb 11 00:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15324, encodeId=19f015324f5, content=回光返照,我见过好多次, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=114.90.43.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 10 19:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-10 114.90.43.**

    回光返照,我见过好多次

    0

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